The Invention That Made the Internet Possible

In 1978, Dr. Roger Billings invented Universal Networking — the foundational technology behind how the modern internet shares information.

In this episode of ScienceLive, he tells the complete story for the first time, in his own words. It starts with a problem. J. Willard Marriott, founder of the Marriott Hotels empire, had 12 of IBM’s largest mainframe computers — the biggest the company made — and they still couldn’t keep up with reservation demand. IBM told him a 13th machine would crash the entire system. He needed a solution that didn’t exist yet. Dr. Billings invented one.

His concept was elegantly simple: instead of every computer trying to talk to every other computer simultaneously, create a dedicated “library” computer — what we now call a server — that any number of users could query independently. The result was a system that could scale to an unlimited number of users without overloading. He called it Universal Networking, patented it as U.S. Patent No. 4,714,989, and proved it worked by installing it at real businesses around the world using the Billings Microcomputer — one of the earliest personal computers ever built.

Today, every website, every app, and every internet transaction runs on this same client-server principle.

This is the story of one of the most important and least-known inventions of the 20th century — told by the man who invented it.

About DrB

Dr. Roger Billings is a visionary innovator whose work has touched the lives of millions of students and transformed the landscape of education. Widely known as “DrB” to the countless kids who benefit from his groundbreaking Acellus learning system, Dr. Billings has dedicated his life to advancing education through technology. As part of DrB’s lifelong commitment to supporting education, Science LIVE was launched as a way to “give back” by mentoring students in conjunction with the Roger Billings Scholarship Program.


Read more about DrB » 
About the Roger Billings Scholarship Program »

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4,046 Comments

  1. Ayden

    i love computers and im using one for this video right now!!!

    Reply
  2. Samantha

    The internet is amazing because it can do so many things from learning something new to talking to your friends.

    Reply
  3. Bennett

    this was the best one yet i love science live

    Reply
  4. Cadence

    It is actually so fascinating to learn how technology works

    Reply
  5. Malcolm

    I love these so much!

    Reply
  6. Ellie

    That is so interesting

    Reply
  7. Mason

    The internet has so much information to share. It’s amazing how it all networks together

    Reply
  8. Corrin

    love watching science live every week 🩷🩷

    Reply
  9. Kyle

    I didn’t realize you had such a key role in creating the internet we have today. I hope you’re still inventing!

    Reply
  10. Bryce

    i love science live so much

    Reply
  11. Mack

    The show was great

    Reply
  12. Mckayla

    The power and advances in computer technology and the speed at which it is occurring is almost scary. Where will we be in 20 years?

    Reply
  13. Gabriella

    learned so much from this!

    Reply
  14. Marina

    Your invention practically changed the world, heck the future! Your technology is the reason we are able to use screens, computers, and more hand held devices today! I think that it is awesome that you had such perseverance that even when they ridiculed your “ridiculous idea” you stayed strong and did not back down. I am really excited to finished my project! I am currently working on interviewing some people for my experiment, but I think it would really help if the next science live you do is based off filming your project, because I am having some trouble with editing formats. And I think it would be really helpful to not only me, but to other students who need help learning editing platforms.

    Reply
  15. Josephine

    Tobias got a haircut!! I knew Dr. Billings was amazing, but I had no idea he was such an integral part of so many inventions!! Thank you for all that you do!

    Reply
  16. Hunter

    Very excited to learn about this topic!

    Reply
  17. Elijah

    I learned About computers systems.

    Reply
  18. Avery

    I love these lives!!!

    Reply
  19. Lily

    cant wait to watch this live

    Reply
  20. Landon

    science live is the best

    Reply
  21. Elijah

    It’s really intriguing how many inventions were made for military efforts. The internet came from ARPAnet, GPS was originally made for the US Army, and the technology behind nuclear reactors came from the production of weapons.

    Reply
  22. Madelyn

    *Love this episode!!

    Reply
  23. Carly

    The internet helps all of so much in various ways that its weird to think of the times before it was around

    Reply
  24. Hunter

    Thank you Tobias for teaching us about the interesting properties of crystals!

    Reply
  25. Autumn

    Hey from south ga. Its so cool how we’ve came so far in technology!!

    Reply
  26. Fayth

    I think seeing how far computers have come is super interesting. Thanks.

    Reply
  27. Julia

    Loved this week’s Science Live! so much fun!!!

    Reply
  28. Moira

    It’s interesting how they made the watches work.

    Reply
  29. Sean

    This week’s episode was good

    Reply
  30. Jean

    The internet has come so far from when it was first created.

    Reply
  31. Chloe

    The internet is the keystone of today’s society! Amazing to learn a bit more about it!

    Reply
  32. Skylar

    this is a very cool invention!

    Reply
  33. Mckenly

    There are so many cool things on the internet. Is so cool that you can do anything you think of on there.

    Reply
  34. Samantha

    cool to know how the internent works!

    Reply
  35. Kenleigh

    DR BILLINGS IS SOOO COOL I CANT BELIEVE HOW MUCH I LEARN.!!

    Reply
  36. Brie

    I enjoyed the Android ice cream truck that sold computer chip ice cream.

    Reply
  37. Amir

    Love to watch

    Reply
  38. Shannon

    absolutely loved. This lesson was extremely interesting. Love the way Mr. Billings presents all of his amazing lessons.

    Reply
  39. Shannon

    this lesson was fascinating love all the ways you can do different things also love how Mr. Billings describes and presents everything

    Reply
  40. Megan

    oh r 51…

    Reply
  41. Christopher

    Hello from Illinois. I’m re-commenting, because I don’t think my old comment is submitted.

    Reply
  42. Hosea

    Thank you, Dr. Billings. This was a very educational and interesting video for us students to learn and have fun. And it’s fascinating how all this started.

    Reply
  43. Christian

    My dad tinkers with watchmaking a the watch segment was very interesting.

    Reply
  44. Robby

    So cool Dr. Billings helped make the internet.

    Reply
  45. Nailah

    I like the alien guy!

    Reply
  46. Addalyn

    The internet is older than I thought!

    Reply
  47. Porter

    Very interesting video on the internet and how it started.

    Reply
  48. Samuel

    Dr. Billings pretty much made the modern era it seems.

    Reply
  49. Jackson

    intresting live dr billings

    Reply
  50. Julien

    Love the videos

    Reply
  51. Chase

    Hello from Illinois!

    Reply
  52. Natalie

    I loved todays episode. Cant wait for the next!

    Reply
  53. Adriana

    The technology of the internet is pretty amazing.

    Reply
  54. Adelaide

    You’ve done so well

    Reply
  55. Aj

    Where are the proteges?
    Don’t give up the car and jet, Mr.B!

    Reply
  56. Braylon

    When they were inventing the first clock, how were they able to tell what the time is, and how did they came to the conclusion that there is 24 hours in a day?

    Reply
  57. Cristian

    It was amazing to see Artemis II launch on April 1st!

    Reply
  58. Ahriana

    I love learning new things from these lives! Ahriana from Kansas

    Reply
  59. Kayla

    It is kinda crazy how much we rely on Internet especially when hardly anyone had it 35 years ago.

    Reply
  60. Mason

    Isn’t every living thing a robot that runs on air, like breathing?

    Reply
  61. Zoey

    Thank you so much for this!! I hope that everyone had a good Easter if you celebrate it!!

    Reply
  62. Makenna

    I love this

    Reply
  63. Alyssa

    I love science

    Reply
  64. Janmejay

    I didn’t know he had so many patents.

    Reply
  65. Santiago

    Imagine how far we will get with technology in many years.

    Reply
  66. Perrin

    Mr. Billings, I appreciate you and all you do for me to be able to go to your school,

    Reply
  67. Leo

    What is your Wi-Fi password?

    Reply
  68. Mihai

    Thank you for this interesting episode!

    Reply
  69. Janmejay

    This is so cool!!

    Reply
  70. Mahayla

    I am so glad that your favorite invention so far led to the creation of Acellus. I can’t imagine doing school any other way. Thank you.

    Reply
  71. Autumn

    What originally made you interested in science and inventing life changing items? Is there anything specific that sparked your interest?

    Reply
  72. Sequoia

    The internet is such a big and important thing now!

    Reply
  73. Shia

    I love that these videos teach you alot but are also funny and keep you interested.

    Reply
  74. Kayden

    Another great video!

    Reply
  75. Marcus

    Thanks for another week of Science Live

    Reply
  76. Carson

    The segment about the robots was really cool.

    Reply
  77. Benjamin

    is crazy to me how 20 years ago the Internet was not really thought but it was gonna takeoff but now it is one of the biggest things that we use

    Reply
  78. Dshor

    I love science

    Reply
  79. Lucy

    So cool Dr Billings helped invent internet!

    Reply
  80. Lucian

    The internet is such a cool setup of computers, im glad i was born in the generation who can grow up with it

    Reply
  81. Liam

    Science live is the best!!!

    Reply
  82. Janae

    Wednesday’s are my favorite days to sit down and watch this!

    Reply
  83. Kylanee

    So many different things you can do with the internet, its insane!!

    Reply
  84. Quinn

    That is amazing that the robot could work on air and maybe we could use it deep in the ocean.

    Reply
  85. Grace

    The part about the Mariott was interesting.

    Reply
  86. Carson

    The use of 3D Printing is valuable in many different fields – Ag, Mechanical, Engineering

    Reply
  87. Thomas

    I’m curious what the pneumatic robot will mean in terms of engineering in the future.

    Reply
  88. Savanna

    I liked learning about the quartz watches!

    Reply
  89. Noah

    Thanks for all the work everyone put in to make this for us.

    Reply
  90. Yanishel

    Joining from SC!!!

    Reply
  91. Grace

    Very interesting episode. I liked the part about the Mariott.

    Reply
  92. Taqwa

    I love it 🥰

    Reply
  93. Olivia

    So awesome..!

    Reply
  94. Riley

    Good luck everyone in the science fair!

    Reply
  95. Kendall

    great video! acellus is so helpful. thank you all!!

    Reply
  96. Landon

    great science live as usual!!

    Reply
  97. Klaire

    Thank you for the live!

    Reply
  98. Saige

    The tuning fork had my attention!

    Reply
  99. Shadira

    Computers are so fascinating!

    Reply
  100. Cassandra

    I like the internet, especially if I need to research a topic that I don’t know much about.

    Reply
  101. Logan

    I love science live so much

    Reply
  102. Miana

    Science live is amazing!!

    Reply
  103. Danielle

    I really enjoy watching Science Live!

    Reply
  104. Makayla

    I love learning about science, it’s one of my favorite parts of school.

    Reply
  105. Connor

    the internet has come so far, its amazing what it can do!!

    Reply
  106. Gessika

    i love acellus science live super educational.

    Reply
  107. Lillian

    I love how cool the internet is and how everything works on it!

    Reply
  108. Sophia

    Computers have changed so much – my mother can remember growing up and they were pretty new in the early 1980s.

    Reply
  109. Ayanna

    I love science live so much!!!!!

    Reply
  110. Liam

    Hello from joplin mo

    Reply
  111. David

    Loved hearing about the internet very interesting learned something new this week about the internet

    Reply
  112. Naveah

    It’s crazy to think how far we’ve come in terms of technology!

    Reply
  113. Davis

    Love the live!

    Reply
  114. Santana

    Hosting a show on the internet and being able to say that you were behind the technology that made it all possible is such a massive flex.

    Reply
  115. Jackson

    here and ready to learn

    Reply
  116. Presley

    Thanks for this weeks video! That’s so amazing!

    Reply
  117. Lorelei

    the internet is just so awsome on all the things it can do!

    Reply
  118. Samuel

    I love watching this every week Dr billing you are so awesome

    Reply
  119. Max

    I always like to watch the science live

    Reply
  120. Sawyer

    How did phone line work back in the day?

    Reply
  121. Aaliyah

    That was awesome!

    Reply
  122. Kevin

    What is the invention that made the internet possible?

    Reply
  123. Evelyn

    I love how your willing to sell something with so much meaning behind it to you.

    Reply
  124. Eden

    Thank you for the scholarship program!

    Reply
  125. Kayden

    So happy the internet was made cause I use on a daily basis, and it was made in a really cool way too!

    Reply
  126. Taheer

    I’m here for science and engineering

    Reply
  127. Kristopher

    love the video

    Reply
  128. Michael

    Thanks for another awesome science live!

    Reply
  129. Alexis

    The robot that relys only on air is amazing how something like that can even run in water. The internet is very interesting and its crazy to see how much its evolved and to think about how much is can be changed in the future.

    Reply
  130. Leo

    Hi from VA!

    Reply
  131. Elijah

    The internet is one of the best inventions, it has allowed us to do so much

    Reply
  132. Franco

    I loved the Rolls Royce and I liked the ice cream truck at the end too-

    Thank you for my scholarship!

    Reply
  133. Azael

    cool how internet was made!

    Reply
  134. Daniel

    The internet has given so much!

    Reply
  135. Ava

    I think all of the science live videos are truly fascinating! Thank you so much for the amazing work!

    Reply
  136. Vailee

    Cool! I love science lives.

    Reply
  137. Julie

    Science live was really cool today

    Reply
  138. Daniel

    Thanks for getting Dr. John.

    Reply
  139. James

    The videos are great! Keep up the amazing work!

    Reply
  140. Noah

    I liked this live!

    Reply
  141. Jaxton

    isn’t life just the internet now

    Reply
  142. Benjamin

    you are so smart!

    Reply
  143. Haven

    Science lives are so fun! And intertaning!

    Reply
  144. Pheonna

    The garlic kid was cool!

    Reply
  145. Jacob

    Where are the proteges??

    Reply
  146. Rhys

    R.51 being goofy as always.

    Reply
  147. Lois

    Try watching r-51 on the slowest speed setting it is so funny! He sounds like a whale! (:

    Reply
  148. Lucy

    Another fun live!

    Reply
  149. Hayden

    so cool!!

    Reply
  150. Morgan

    This episode was so interesting!

    Reply
  151. Austin

    I love how passionate you are!

    Reply
  152. Makenna

    that was cool.

    Reply
  153. Giovannetta

    Gosh that’s so cool. Thank you so much for teaching me that!!

    Reply
  154. Trista

    It is amazing to me that you were to only able to envision the idea of networking but invent the system to make it possible! Thank you for all that you have made available to us!

    Reply
  155. Bradley

    Very interesting history of the creation of the quartz watch and how it works.

    Reply
  156. Baylor

    We watch you almost every week!

    Reply
  157. London

    The internet is such an amazing invention!!

    Reply
  158. Harper

    So cool!!
    I love learning about the internet.

    Reply
  159. Cayleigh

    The internet is really interesting to learn about. It is so cool that you made Universal Networking! Thank you for this wonderful episode!

    Reply
  160. Korin

    do you think society would be less or more developed without the internet?

    Reply
  161. Jacen

    I can’t belive that the guy that invented the first hydroden vehicle also invented the internet!

    Reply
  162. Hallie

    I love science live!

    Reply
  163. Jae

    loved the r-51 this episode

    Reply
  164. Fatimah

    Woah!! Thank you.

    Reply
  165. Ayden

    Amazing episode

    Reply
  166. Kaylee

    Great Science Live!

    Reply
  167. Jordan

    Very Cool!!

    Reply
  168. Journey

    With the 3D printed robot that works runs on air, what do you think the bigger picture of that project is? Also when do you believe they will make a faster and efficient 3D printer?

    Reply
  169. Anna

    The internet is so amazing!!!

    Reply
  170. Nicholas

    thankfully they didnt lose it

    Reply
  171. Andrew

    This is awesome

    Reply
  172. Case

    It was great learning about the early history of the internet

    Reply
  173. Aleksia

    It is so cool to see how inventions have ripple effects that are still impacting and changing our lives today. Thank you for being an inventioneer, Dr. Billings! Do you have of list of books you recommend for expanding your understanding of inventions that have lead to our modern world and why they worked so well?

    Reply
  174. Taylor

    I love it.

    Reply
  175. Cayden

    Cool episode love it

    Reply

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