The Invention That Made the Internet Possible

In 1978, Dr. Roger Billings invented Universal Networking — the foundational technology behind how the modern internet shares information.

In this episode of ScienceLive, he tells the complete story for the first time, in his own words. It starts with a problem. J. Willard Marriott, founder of the Marriott Hotels empire, had 12 of IBM’s largest mainframe computers — the biggest the company made — and they still couldn’t keep up with reservation demand. IBM told him a 13th machine would crash the entire system. He needed a solution that didn’t exist yet. Dr. Billings invented one.

His concept was elegantly simple: instead of every computer trying to talk to every other computer simultaneously, create a dedicated “library” computer — what we now call a server — that any number of users could query independently. The result was a system that could scale to an unlimited number of users without overloading. He called it Universal Networking, patented it as U.S. Patent No. 4,714,989, and proved it worked by installing it at real businesses around the world using the Billings Microcomputer — one of the earliest personal computers ever built.

Today, every website, every app, and every internet transaction runs on this same client-server principle.

This is the story of one of the most important and least-known inventions of the 20th century — told by the man who invented it.

About DrB

Dr. Roger Billings is a visionary innovator whose work has touched the lives of millions of students and transformed the landscape of education. Widely known as “DrB” to the countless kids who benefit from his groundbreaking Acellus learning system, Dr. Billings has dedicated his life to advancing education through technology. As part of DrB’s lifelong commitment to supporting education, Science LIVE was launched as a way to “give back” by mentoring students in conjunction with the Roger Billings Scholarship Program.


Read more about DrB » 
About the Roger Billings Scholarship Program »

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4,046 Comments

  1. Aubree

    This was awesome

    Reply
  2. Makayla

    I love watching science lives!!

    Reply
  3. Carlos

    I like the robot that works with air.

    Reply
  4. Marco

    What made you start this program and why didn’t you quit when it got hard and great video by the way.

    Reply
  5. Nicholas

    Loved the info about the internet, its so hard to fully comprehend how big it is

    Reply
  6. Chloe

    So cool to see how far internet has come!

    Reply
  7. Eshwa

    WOW!! So cool to watch Science live!
    I like how it has different parts fun!!

    Reply
  8. Gavin

    I can’t wait for the science fair!

    Reply
  9. Gabrielle

    Great science live today!

    Reply
  10. Harrison

    I’m surprised how Roger Billings has made multiple amazing inventions! The Hydrogen Car, the foundation that the internet is based on, even Acellus.

    Reply
  11. Ethan

    How expensive would it be to make a computer possible of running a high textured game, that’s the size of a regular phone, at a solid 60 frames?

    Reply
  12. Parviry

    Can’t believe this all started in 1978!

    Reply
  13. Dominique

    Hope everyone had a Happy Easter! Bulova watch company from New York had the idea to use a tuning fork in one of the watches thet they made. The watch was called the Acutron watch and it actually had a vibration to it. They didn’t end up keeping it that way, but that was when a tuning fork was first used in a watch.

    Reply
  14. April

    I loved re-learning about the tuning fork inside the watch! It’s so cool to know how our clocks and watches now hold much better time than before.

    Reply
  15. Jonathan

    This episode has been very informative.

    Reply
  16. Isaiah

    Could it be possible to ride the air powered robot?

    Reply
  17. Angie

    I’m thankful for having the opportunity to learn in Acellus and for watching science lives.

    Reply
  18. Siobhan

    It would be environmentally friendly if we could invent pneumaticlly powered cars too.

    Reply
  19. Sarah

    I was wondering if there is a current practical applications of the pneumatic robot?

    Reply
  20. Meleah

    Wow, computers are amazing

    Reply
  21. Emma

    how cool! i really liked the tiny robot!

    Reply
  22. Bentley

    This is crazy how computers have came so far from the past to now

    Reply
  23. Ayden

    That computer was so fast.

    Reply
  24. Eden

    We would be lost without the Internet!

    Reply
  25. Kailynn

    thankyou Br. Billings for all of this incredible knowledge its so crazy how things have changed over time.

    Reply
  26. Emmerlyn

    This was a really interesting topic and I loved getting to learn more!

    Reply
  27. Zander

    I don’t understand how we could get any more advanced than we already are. Love this topic!

    Reply
  28. Ethan

    I find it fun to learn about math and science every day.

    Reply
  29. Kevin

    I use the internet all the time i cant imagine what tech would be without it!

    Reply
  30. Aleena

    I love Science Live! The internet is amazing!

    Reply
  31. Corbin

    It’s so much fun watching these science live videos

    Reply
  32. Edson

    The internet is really awesome

    Reply
  33. Cali

    So excited for this weeks live!

    Reply
  34. Doraine

    I didn’t even know robots could move with different forms of technology without the use of wires. That’s amazing to know!

    Reply
  35. Wahuda

    this was an amzing science live I am disappointed because we missed the protooges this week

    Reply
  36. Amari

    hello from alabama

    Reply
  37. Elana

    LOVEDD IT!

    Reply
  38. Joe

    Awesome video thank you!!!

    Reply
  39. Mayzee

    The internet is so different in many ways because you can literally do anything thats on your mind and create something big

    Reply
  40. Ryker

    your the best inventer

    Reply
  41. Amy

    Wow that’s so awesome!

    Reply
  42. Ryker

    what’s you’re second favorite invention

    Reply
  43. Jacob

    How long did it take to invent the computer?

    Reply
  44. Savanah

    Always a great time to sit down and watch one of these fantastic lives!

    Reply
  45. Katherine

    excited to see tonights video on the internet and what you can do with it.

    Reply
  46. Pria

    It’s crazy how different crystals react to things

    Reply
  47. Nathan

    science is so amazing! I want to be a scientist when i grow up!

    Reply
  48. Ella

    I love how he explained it in his own words

    Reply
  49. Mia

    The evelution of computers is so fascinaiting.

    Reply
  50. Joseph

    The robot that runs on air was crazy, thats like unlimited energy. It made me think why cant we run a car off of air? But theres not enough energy there and they would use up too much air.

    Reply
  51. Eliana

    this was one of my favroit livesss

    Reply
  52. Everett

    Thank you for inventing it!
    😉

    Reply
  53. Brooklyn

    So cool definitely one of my favorites!

    Reply
  54. Savannah

    Happy science live!

    Reply
  55. Kai

    The computers and the beginning of the internet are so interesting! Although it’s unfortunate it lead to a law suit in the end.

    Reply
  56. Elvis

    Roger billings is so cool

    Reply
  57. Hunter

    It’s pretty cool how there’s a robot that doesn’t need electricity to run, even if it doesn’t do much.

    Reply
  58. Ava

    It would be really cool if we could have robotic vehicles that run on compressed air

    Reply
  59. Kai

    The computers were so interesting! Although it’s unfortunate it lead to a law suit in the end.

    Reply
  60. Lacey

    dr. Billings you’re my favorite.

    Reply
  61. Alexis

    this is great

    Reply
  62. Ryleigh

    this is so cool

    Reply
  63. Brooke

    WOWOZA THE FACT MR.ROGER MET THE OWNER OF THE MARRIOT HOTEL IS SO KEWLL:)) Mr rogers is so cool:))

    Reply
  64. Lily

    Loved this science live! I always look forward for science live nights

    Reply
  65. Noah

    How many inventions have you exactly made, Mr. Billings?

    Reply
  66. Cam

    what are some things you can use nomadic for?

    Reply
  67. James

    I really enjoyed this science Live.

    Reply
  68. Joseph

    I do not remember no internet!

    Reply
  69. Jude

    How long did it take for you to make the hydrogen car?

    Reply
  70. Luisa

    That was so cool how they can actually manipulate the air so it help the 3d printed object move, it looked as if it was being controlled with a controller

    Reply
  71. Amaya

    The internet has played such a huge part of people’s lives for so long, it’s so interesting learning things about it that’s I haven’t known before.

    Reply
  72. Amen

    Wow, this episode was great!

    Reply
  73. Anthony

    I absolutely love Acellus!!!

    Reply
  74. Penny

    It’s amazing how far we’ve come with 3D printers! I would have never imagined a robot run on air would exist.

    Reply
  75. Jack

    its crazy how the internet is even possible, great as always!

    Reply
  76. Toni

    I love science live!

    Reply
  77. Sidda

    It is insane to me how far we have come with internet, but it is also sad to think that not everyone has access to the internet 🙁

    Reply
  78. Isanna

    The WiFi password “It’s on the fridge” is hilarious!!! This is my very first time watching Science Live btw

    Reply
  79. Stephen

    looking forward to tonights video on the internet.

    Reply
  80. William

    I really enjoyed learning how the internet started. To me, it’s always been there. Learning it’s origin makes it easier to understand

    Reply
  81. Brayden

    i love how everything is explained really well.

    Reply
  82. Hudson

    love Dr B

    Reply
  83. Gabriella

    Yayyyy science live

    Reply
  84. Jewel

    I loved learning about your greatest invention! It was incredibly interesting!

    Reply
  85. Matthew

    Dr billing is the best

    Reply
  86. Julian

    I love science night lives

    Reply
  87. Camberlee

    The internet is really amazing and reliable to create and learn.

    Reply
  88. Vega

    I Love Science Live.

    Reply
  89. Kaiyu

    I love science live sooooo much!

    Reply
  90. Landon

    why is the earth round

    Reply
  91. Min

    i love acellus

    Reply
  92. Teagan

    Everyone Loves The Internet!! good or bad?

    Reply
  93. Jack

    I love Internet and it’s so useful. You can use it for basically anything nowadays.

    Reply
  94. Kenner

    I loved this live can’t wait for next weeks live.

    Reply
  95. Emree

    R-51 was so funny, almost all his inventions had Lady Pajea on them! ( FYI my favorite ice cream in Coffee ) I can’t wait for the next one!

    Reply
  96. Kaylann

    The invention of watches has definitely benefited us as a society. It’s also interesting that watches can be adjusted whenever daylight savings time happens!

    Reply
  97. Dalal

    this was explained really thoroughly, thank you!

    Reply
  98. Evan

    Such an amazing story about the invention and patent you had that impacted how data is shared

    Reply
  99. Ben

    Thank you for another fascinating episode!

    Reply
  100. Tasneem

    loved listening to this. it was so interesting!!!

    Reply
  101. Jasper

    Super interesting video this week!!

    Reply
  102. Ellison

    So cool watching this and seeing how it all started!

    Reply
  103. Lauren

    hope y’all have a good weekend!

    Reply
  104. Savannah

    Its very interesting learning about how Seiko Astron was the first ones to make a watch of quarts.

    Reply
  105. Dexter

    i love this thank you!

    Reply
  106. Karlie

    How do you get the ideas?

    Reply
  107. Corbin

    Before I watched this I had no clue about any of this, and now im so amazed with all of this. It so blows my mind!

    Reply
  108. Bryleigh

    Comment How many students signed up for the science fair?

    Reply
  109. Sam

    This was so interesting! Thank you!

    Reply
  110. Alexander

    Very nice!

    Reply
  111. Roan

    I was so surprised to hear that Dr. Billings invented something so foundational to something we all rely on heavily today.

    Reply
  112. Ethan

    I have lot of clocks in my house.

    Reply
  113. Parker

    Really cool episode:)

    Reply
  114. Isaiah

    I was so excited to see the tuning fork on Science Live today because we have them at home. I never would have thought that you could use them to make a small watch work!

    Reply
  115. Sarah

    Science lives are so awesome!

    Reply
  116. Jonathan

    Science live always surprises me! 🙂

    Reply
  117. Makayla

    So amazing!!

    Reply
  118. Avery

    Another great episode!

    Reply
  119. Kylor

    this video was amazing

    Reply
  120. Mackenzie

    It was very interesting.

    Reply
  121. Olivia

    Science live is amazing every week!

    Reply
  122. Val

    Thank you

    Reply
  123. Shepherd

    The internet has had an astounding impact on the world.

    Reply
  124. Aida

    LOVE IT!!

    Reply
  125. Mackenzie

    Thanks for this week’s Science Live !

    Reply
  126. Andy

    Who is the main manufacturer of 3d printers?

    Reply
  127. Sadie

    Loved this episode!!

    Reply
  128. Nicole

    Hearing Dr. Billings talking about students who do not commit to their learning makes me take my education seriously understanding how investing in my future is the best I can do.

    Reply
  129. Solomon

    I liked the part about putting a small tuning fork in a watch to make it work. We have frequency forks at home that look just like the one they showed on the show!

    Reply
  130. Damian

    I rely on the internet to be able to go to Acellus!

    Reply
  131. Gracelynn

    Thank you for explaining everything so well and making it easy to understand

    Reply
  132. Katie

    It was interesting to hear about how you helped invent the way we use computers today. It liked the history of how you started all the different schools

    Reply
  133. Callie

    I love science lives so much!

    Reply
  134. Jaiden

    This is cool.

    Reply
  135. Amelya

    hello from al

    Reply
  136. Cullen

    i love this

    Reply
  137. Ollawatti

    It’s awesome learning how the internet was made possible.

    Reply
  138. Mx

    I feel like the internet was one of the greatest and worst things for humanity, it showed us alot of truth and gave people alot of power.

    Reply
  139. Lily

    thank you for the scholarship!

    Reply
  140. Ryatt

    love the vids

    Reply
  141. Annelise

    I loved learning about how the internet started! So interesting.

    Reply
  142. Saudah

    We use the internet to research so many projects ideas!

    Reply
  143. Alexandra

    I had no idea about the tuning fork in the time piece. It’s so fun to learn all these interesting facts about things we use and see everyday! It’s crazy to see how far we have come in even such a short amount of time! Love the haircut Tobias!

    Reply
  144. Nemiah

    The last part made me laugh.

    Reply
  145. Tyler

    hello from cali

    Reply
  146. Stella

    I love Acellus!!

    Reply
  147. Alyssa

    I love the robot that moves using only air. Super impressive.

    Reply
  148. Landon

    The tiny robot was amazing

    Reply
  149. Ryder

    I know that’s r•51’s best invention but what is Roger billing’s best invention

    Reply
  150. Josiah

    it’s amazing how crucial universal networking was to the current rendition of the internet! Without Mr Billings, I think we may have been a few decades behind at the least

    Reply
  151. Sutton

    the internet is so interesting because you can do anything you can think of.

    Reply
  152. Briana

    I loved this episode I love learning about this stuff

    Reply
  153. Jose

    Super interesting to think about how if we never had the internet the would would be completely different!

    Reply
  154. Taylor

    Keeping time years ago people used hour glasses. Bulova came up using a tuning fork for telling time in watches. In the 1800s the Curie brothers discovered using crystals for voltage. In the 1920s Warren Marrison studied putting voltage back in crystals to make watches work.

    Reply
  155. Ashtyn

    I think it’s cool that researchers at Edith Cowan University have found that just five minutes a day of eccentric exercise could dramatically change someone’s life.

    Reply
  156. Grayson

    Love all this science stuff. learning lots from this

    Reply
  157. Taylor

    Thank you!!

    Reply
  158. Chase

    Great episode!

    Reply
  159. Shaina

    wow so coll

    Reply
  160. Humberto

    Very fascinating video!

    Reply
  161. Phoenix

    Loved it thanks!

    Reply
  162. Harleigh

    Dr. Billings is awesome!

    Reply
  163. Ethan

    I’ve never thought about the mechanics and importance of keeping time. Thanks for the amazing part Tobias!

    Reply
  164. Ryder

    Amazing video! See you next week.

    Reply
  165. Benjamin

    It’s crazy how much the internet has advanced and how many things you can do on it.

    Reply
  166. Alexandra

    I enjoyed this episode!

    Reply
  167. Trinity

    That’s awesome.

    Reply
  168. Isabella

    super interesting concept

    Reply
  169. Lexi

    thank you from idaho

    Reply
  170. Alfonso

    Woohoo for the internet!

    Reply
  171. Jasmine

    Love thissss!!!

    Reply
  172. Luna

    I love the internet so i can be able to do my classes online.

    Reply
  173. Tate

    A fascinating video!!!

    Reply
  174. Svetlana

    How can you be able to make a robot that uses air to move?

    Reply
  175. Cadence

    Watching from Virginia!

    Reply

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