The Invention That Made the Internet Possible

In 1978, Dr. Roger Billings invented Universal Networking โ€” the foundational technology behind how the modern internet shares information.

In this episode of ScienceLive, he tells the complete story for the first time, in his own words. It starts with a problem. J. Willard Marriott, founder of the Marriott Hotels empire, had 12 of IBM’s largest mainframe computers โ€” the biggest the company made โ€” and they still couldn’t keep up with reservation demand. IBM told him a 13th machine would crash the entire system. He needed a solution that didn’t exist yet. Dr. Billings invented one.

His concept was elegantly simple: instead of every computer trying to talk to every other computer simultaneously, create a dedicated “library” computer โ€” what we now call a server โ€” that any number of users could query independently. The result was a system that could scale to an unlimited number of users without overloading. He called it Universal Networking, patented it as U.S. Patent No. 4,714,989, and proved it worked by installing it at real businesses around the world using the Billings Microcomputer โ€” one of the earliest personal computers ever built.

Today, every website, every app, and every internet transaction runs on this same client-server principle.

This is the story of one of the most important and least-known inventions of the 20th century โ€” told by the man who invented it.

About DrB

Dr. Roger Billings is a visionary innovator whose work has touched the lives of millions of students and transformed the landscape of education. Widely known as โ€œDrBโ€ to the countless kids who benefit from his groundbreaking Acellus learning system, Dr. Billings has dedicated his life to advancing education through technology. As part of DrBโ€™s lifelong commitment to supporting education, Science LIVE was launched as a way to โ€œgive backโ€ by mentoring students in conjunction with the Roger Billings Scholarship Program.


Read more about DrB ยปย 
About the Roger Billings Scholarship Program ยป

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4,046 Comments

  1. Allie

    awesome video!!

    Reply
  2. Wyatt

    Wow! amazing video, highlight of the week.

    Reply
  3. Payton

    So thankful for the internet!

    Reply
  4. Dacen

    R-51 is so funny! Loved this episode

    Reply
  5. Kinsley

    So fun! I love Science

    Reply
  6. Nayeli

    The elaboration was awesome, I love these science lives!

    Reply
  7. Presley

    computers are so smart now itโ€™s crazy
    !

    Reply
  8. Landry

    wow!so cool!

    Reply
  9. Rylee

    Excited to learn something new!

    Reply
  10. Robert

    Its so fascinating how dependant everything is on the internet now-a-days!.

    Reply
  11. Olivia

    It’s amazing what even minimal exercise daily can do for the body. I like to think of the body similarly to a vehicle; if it sits for too long without being used and maintained, there will likely be problems when someone tries to use it again.

    Reply
  12. Adi

    that is so cool!

    Reply
  13. Jason

    Very interesting!

    Reply
  14. Kyle

    The number of patents you have is really impressive!

    Reply
  15. Emilee

    hi from Texas

    Reply
  16. Kylor

    Thanks Dr billings the 3d printed air robot in super duper cool.(I got to try this with my 3d printer).

    Reply
  17. Coulten

    cool from texas

    Reply
  18. Summer

    We wouldnโ€™t be doing accelus without internet. Thatโ€™s crazy. Can you make a video about underwater cameras and how they work?

    Reply
  19. David

    Love to.listen to Dr Bill Rogers he has lot of different episodes each week that are interesting

    Reply
  20. Lilyanna

    watches are so cool!

    Reply
  21. Nathan

    The robot was really cool. Iโ€™m so thankful that you made the data centers and all the cool stuff youโ€™ve invented because without it there would be no Acellus or Science Live and that wouldnโ€™t be cool. I love Science Live and Acellus.

    Reply
  22. Maverick

    I loved the pneumatic piston machine.

    Reply
  23. Bentley

    The internet is wild and big dreams can become real.

    Reply
  24. Roselynn

    Loved this one I like how they describe it but how did they realized that thatโ€™s how the internet will be now.

    Reply
  25. Bronny

    That robot’s pretty cool they just gotta figure it out how to control it.

    Reply
  26. Hunter

    I love Acellus, the internet is awesome.

    Reply
  27. Emma

    Dr. Billings that is very interesting!! The internet is such a wild interesting place!!

    Reply
  28. Anthony

    Thank you Roger Billings for the video. Amongst all the sacrifices you’ve made for the sake for our futures, I promise to give myself the best education I can get. Thank you, Roger Bilings.

    Reply
  29. Chayson

    Always love watching science live! The internet is so cool and it is crazy how it has changed so much over time!

    Reply
  30. Savannah

    Excited to learn something new!

    Reply
  31. Autumn

    Learning about the robot which runs on air was extremely interesting! Thank you Science Live!

    Reply
  32. Madeline

    Very cool! I learned so much today, thank you!

    Reply
  33. Anna

    I think R 51 is funny!

    Reply
  34. Chayson

    Always love watching science live! Very cool episode!

    Reply
  35. Natalya

    Dr. Billings is a great inventor.

    Reply
  36. Austin

    That was an amazing episode

    Reply
  37. David

    Love watching Science live and learning new things each week

    Reply
  38. Blake

    Its CRAZY how much we rely on internet now!

    Reply
  39. Archer

    this is so cool! Thank you

    Reply
  40. Ryron

    Hi my name is ryron i love siccence live

    Reply
  41. Elizabeth

    That is so cool!

    Reply
  42. Ansleigh

    I love science

    Reply
  43. Anthony

    Loved learning about the internet! awesome video!

    Reply
  44. Talia

    Love it hi from arizona!!!

    Reply
  45. Cassidy

    It’s amazing how much Dr. Billings has contributed to the things we use today ( the net, computer, hydro car, ect.). I hope to hear more about the inventions he has made and how he kept persevering through failed attempts.

    Reply
  46. Aaliyah

    I love science live!

    Reply
  47. Kristen

    The internet has become more and more advanced and used. What used to be barely kilobytes transferred over has now turned into gigabytes, and everyone underestimates just how much technology changes. Everything has become reliant on internet, and that includes fridges.

    Reply
  48. Clayton

    The internet is very useful in today’s world even external to entertainment.

    Reply
  49. Jack

    Cool episode!

    Reply
  50. Jameson

    How could the air powered robot be used in mars or moon missions?

    Reply
  51. Ashton

    So cool to know how this all started the tiny robot one was amazing I look forward watching more of this.

    Reply
  52. Luke

    Thank you for this wonderful school.

    Reply
  53. Asher

    I look forward to science live every week. Thank you

    Reply
  54. Kaspian

    the air powered robot fascinated me it did look like a scorpion will take inspiration for future project of mine

    Reply
  55. Leanne

    the air technology is amazing

    Reply
  56. Ela

    I’m your biggest fan!!!

    Reply
  57. Gavin

    The 3d printer was super cool.

    Reply
  58. Issaiah

    i love science live

    Reply
  59. Baylor

    I love this video!

    Reply
  60. John

    I love watches its amazing to know history of the quartz movement

    Reply
  61. Lydia

    Thank you! I always learn something new!

    Reply
  62. Luis

    Dr. billings is the best!!!!!!!!

    Reply
  63. Asher

    Comment I look forward to this every week. Thank you

    Reply
  64. Madisyn

    Thank you for making this Science Live this week.

    Reply
  65. Shelby

    This was so good. Thank you.

    Reply
  66. Braylee

    Roger billings is so cool

    Reply
  67. Preston

    The internet is fasinating in different ways because you can literally do anything thats on your mind and create something big

    Reply
    • Solymar

      The electronic chip was cool.

      Reply
    • Marci

      It’s so awesome that Dr. Billings helped create the internet! And I’m so thankful to be able to able to attend Acellus with your help!

      Reply
    • Ellis

      Super cool video thank you

      Reply
    • Hadley

      My mom and dad talk about the Internet they had when it first came out.

      Reply
    • Mason

      It truly is a marvel. You should checkout the world map pixel art website called wplace.live. Its wonderful.

      Reply
    • Caitlin

      Your amazing

      Reply
    • Makenna

      I love Dr billings

      Reply
    • Matthew

      Awesome

      Reply
  68. Hawraa

    Amazing video! Interesting!

    Reply
  69. Nathaniel

    Great live mr billings! Really interesting

    Reply
  70. Lyla

    this is cool

    Reply
  71. Isaac

    I liked the air powered robot.

    Reply
  72. Jordyn

    hello from katy

    Reply
  73. Haleigh

    Wow science live is great! Cool experiments!

    Reply
  74. Sergio

    best one yet so far

    Reply
  75. Aubrey

    I remember reading about the Piezoelectric effect a while back, super neat. Another great episode!

    Reply
  76. Michelle

    Dr.Billings you are so awesome!!

    Reply
    • Jaxon

      We rely on the internet to much

      Reply
    • Taqwa

      Yes!!!

      Reply
    • Katherine

      Learning how it started is so cool!!!

      Reply
    • Matvey

      So thankful for the guy who made the Internet such a cool live keep up the good work

      Reply
    • Shyan

      I loved the tiny robot that worked with only air and moved by itself without any wires. There was no technology and it worked in water. So cool to know how this all started. We rely so much on the internet now.

      Reply
    • Layla

      This is the greatest show iv’e ever

      Reply
    • Matteo

      Wow! The internet is crazy!

      Reply
    • Gracie

      So cool

      Reply
    • Elex

      i agree

      Reply
    • Matthew

      Cool

      Reply
    • Adam

      Dr.billings your so awesome also Internet is an amazing technology

      Reply
    • Ava

      The little robot that runs on air is so cool!

      Reply
    • Judah

      I love science live!!

      Reply
  77. Kessaline

    HI. SCIENCE LIVE

    Reply
  78. Mitchell

    So cool to know how this all started. We rely so much on the internet now.

    Reply
    • Lilly

      This was amazing!

      Reply
    • Dollie

      I’m actually making my own computer right now

      Reply
    • Brooke

      itโ€™s so cool to see how it all started

      Reply
  79. Cassie

    Hi from Tennessee

    Reply
  80. Jameson

    I loved the tiny robot that worked with only air and moved by itself without any wires. There was no technology and it worked in water.

    Reply
    • Layla

      Could you guys do a science live explaining how to apply to colleges? I took an English course that had a few lessons on college but it was awhile ago and I would love something I could look at again and whenever I need more information!

      Reply
    • Ezekiel

      Thank you Acellus Live!

      Reply
    • Raya

      It was interesting learning how Bulova used a tuning fork to find a way to move the second hand consistentley.

      Reply
  81. Phoenix

    Computers are so fast now it’s insane!

    Reply
    • Rachel

      Dr. Billings your contribution to the world of internet is so awesome. Thank you!

      Reply
    • Sean

      We rely on the internet so much. I.cant imagine the world without it

      Reply
    • Chase

      Great episode!

      Reply
    • Corinne

      Cool live this week! Can’t wait to learn new things next week! ๐Ÿ™‚

      Reply
  82. Connor

    Wow! I didn’t know you had so many patents!

    Reply
    • Marleigh

      So interesting learning about the beginnings of the internet. Great topic!

      Reply
    • Carson

      The segment about the robots was really cool.

      Reply
  83. Ryan

    This was a fascinating episode.

    Reply
  84. Grace

    I enjoyed this video.

    Reply
  85. Jordan

    this was very interesting

    Reply
  86. Kylie

    Dr Billings is so smart!

    Reply
  87. Lois

    Wow! So cool!!!

    Reply
  88. Aden

    This was such an interesting video!

    Reply
  89. Joaxquin

    Learning about the pneumatically powered robot was really intriguing! The fact that it has no electronics is shocking!

    Reply
  90. Temperance

    I think it is interesting how the first watch used a tuning fork inside. It is so cool how crystals are used to help run a watch to tell time. Thank you for the scholarship, Dr. Billings! I think Science Live is interesting! I appreciate All You Do to make a Difference and Impact! ๐Ÿ™‚ ๐Ÿ™‚

    Reply
    • Sabrina

      Your jet is so cool. I enjoy watching. I think R51 is so funny. His android ice cream truck is pretty neat.

      Reply
  91. Alexander

    Thank you for the amazing episode of science live!

    Reply
  92. Esther

    Nice! I enjoyed this episode.

    Reply
  93. Hope

    can you do how a tv was made

    Reply
  94. A`quilla

    Thank you for your continuous support and guidance through this patch in life.

    Reply
    • Savanna

      I liked learning about the quartz watches!

      Reply
  95. Kynsley

    you explain this so well

    Reply
    • Haven

      I really enjoyed looking into your past life. Although I was sad that the protocheyes where not in the video.

      Reply
  96. Braydi

    Any conversation about the internet sends me down a rabbit hole of early internet and how it worked.

    Reply
  97. Shalymar

    I like about the Accu rotron it was cool ๐Ÿ˜Ž

    Reply
  98. Addison

    Acellus has really helped me with learning at my own pace and always guides me around with questions I donโ€™t understand, thank you Acellus.

    Reply
  99. Aviana

    That is so cool finding out who helped make the internet!

    Reply
  100. Roman

    I enjoyed this episode.

    Reply
  101. Victoria

    Loved this episode! I love science live!

    Reply
  102. Noah

    thanks for the video!

    Reply
  103. Alana

    Thank you for giving me the opportunity to be able to use Acellus!

    Reply
  104. Mariana

    I love acellus! specially U.S history classes with Mr.Todds

    Reply
  105. Adelyn

    3d printing is so awesome!

    Reply
  106. Elly

    Wow just wow.

    Reply
  107. Allie

    Such a interesting episode, thank yall!

    Reply
  108. Ayden

    this is one of my favorite episodes so far!!

    Reply
  109. Caiden

    Learning about the internet is so cool.

    Reply
  110. Eli

    My favorite ice cream is chocolate!

    Reply
  111. Sabrina

    I want a 3D printer, but they are so expensive.

    Reply
  112. Noah

    Science live is so cool!

    Reply
  113. Kaley

    I liked this video it was cool!

    Reply
  114. Brandon

    The 3D printed robot is crazy

    Reply
  115. Mason

    I loved this episode! I canโ€™t wait till the next episode!

    Reply
  116. Makedah

    love watching science live videos

    Reply
  117. Olivia

    It was really interesting to learn about universal networking, I had no idea that Roger Billings invented it so that was cool to learn about

    Reply
  118. Annabelle

    I canโ€™t wait to see what everyone does for the science fair!

    Reply
  119. Logan

    science live is so interesting

    Reply
  120. Tru

    funny and awsome

    Reply
  121. Emery

    This was very interesting!

    Reply
  122. Lincoln

    I love circuits I love that you guys use circuits and I love science life. you guys are so cool.

    Reply
  123. Kade

    Science live is always so entertaining!

    Reply
  124. Jordan

    I’m so excited for the science fair I can’t wait to see everyone else is going to make!๐Ÿ”ฌ๐Ÿ’ก

    Reply
  125. Payton

    what are we learning today.

    Reply
  126. Kaitlyn

    I love science live!

    Reply
  127. Hadley

    Tobias you are so funny I loved your imaginary friend joke.(Iโ€™m sorry if I misspelled your name)

    Reply
  128. Everett

    Is there anything else Dr. Billings helped to invent?

    Reply
  129. Margie

    Dr .Billings you are an inspiration to so many people, including me!

    Reply
  130. Jupiter

    I like the spider air robot that was very cool!!!

    Reply
  131. Thomas

    Science live is so cool

    Reply
  132. Elsie

    Fascinating to learn about the start of the internet!

    Reply
  133. Eve

    Wow so cool!

    Reply
  134. Willow

    Paget could use the idea of air pressure to build her moving butterfly. It could fly under the water with a camera that captures scenes. I appreciate your Big Heart Dr. Billings! If it wasn’t for the scholarship, my sister and I would have had to homeschool differently. Thank you! I have learned so much with Acellus over the last three years. I appreciate what you have been doing with Acellus. I think you put forth a lot of hard work, and I really appreciate you even more! ๐Ÿ™‚ ๐Ÿ™‚

    Reply
  135. Silas

    I never knew you helped make the world wide web!

    Reply
  136. Matalynn

    Hi Dr.B!

    Reply
  137. Cole

    Comment These are my favorite part of Wednesday.

    Reply
  138. Lauren

    Thank you for keeping the scholarship program going!

    Reply
  139. Kihaleigh

    I like the YouTube setup!!

    Reply
  140. Jameson

    I Loved that tiny robot that wrekd with gust are I wish I had that tiny robot

    Reply
  141. Bennett

    Using a 3d printer to make an actual moving robot without electricity is so cool.

    Reply
  142. Fisher

    Were watches heavier when they were invented?

    Reply
  143. Andrew

    Wow so thatโ€™s interesting!

    Reply
  144. Maryjane

    What an amazing story from Dr Billings! I really liked this episode.

    Reply
  145. William

    Science live is so good!

    Reply
  146. Anna

    love these science lives!!!

    Reply
  147. Skye

    I loved the new story from Dr. billings!!!

    Reply
  148. Grayson

    Love watching these science lives every week!!

    Reply
  149. Sakinah

    Wher can I find out more out about these topics?

    Reply
  150. Samuel

    The internet is so fascinating

    Reply
  151. Charlie

    thank you 51 ๐Ÿ˜

    Reply
  152. Lyla

    how neat! And I love hotels like The Marriott

    Reply
  153. Connie

    I love watching science live๐Ÿ˜๐Ÿ˜๐Ÿ˜

    Reply
  154. Noah

    Awesome video!

    Reply
  155. William

    very interesting!

    Reply
  156. ๐“‘๐“ป๐“ธ๐“ธ๐“ด๐“ต๐”‚๐“ท

    ๐“˜ ๐“ฝ๐“ฑ๐“ฒ๐“ท๐“ด ๐“ฑ๐“ช๐“ป๐“ญ ๐“ฎ๐“ต๐“ฎ๐“ฌ๐“ฝ๐“ป๐“ธ๐“ท๐“ฒ๐“ฌ ๐“ฌ๐“ฑ๐“ฒ๐“น๐“ผ ๐“ผ๐“ฑ๐“ธ๐“พ๐“ต๐“ญ ๐“ฝ๐“ช๐“ผ๐“ฝ๐“ฎ ๐“ผ๐“ธ๐“ธ๐“ธ๐“ธ๐“ธ ๐“ฐ๐“ธ๐“ธ๐“ญ ๐“ต๐“ธ๐“ต

    Reply
  157. Ethan

    Hello! Is there any flaws with the Universal Networking system? Thank you for your time!

    Reply
  158. David

    Loved this episode!!

    Reply
  159. Miley

    what other Non-electric sources of power can we use to power a robot?

    Reply
  160. Caleb

    Thank you I really appreaciate the scholarship I will definitely be more responsible and I will see you next science live.

    Reply
  161. Zach

    IT WAS COOL

    Reply
  162. Ziggi

    Such a cool video this week!

    Reply
  163. Emmilynne

    3D printers sooo fascinating!!!

    Reply
  164. Payton

    I love this weeks live.

    Reply
  165. Trinity

    you should do a video of Dr.Billings reviewing all of R51s inventions haha! I loved this live today

    Reply
  166. Mitchell

    so cool ! I love watching science lives!

    Reply
  167. Kaeson

    The air robot is pretty cool

    Reply
  168. Israel

    I think it’s really sad that you might have to sell your fancy car, we love Science Live!

    Reply
  169. Ellieanna

    Loved this episode.

    Reply
  170. Katy

    Acellus is awsome

    Reply
  171. Jazzlyn

    Loved this episode! I had so much fun watching this.

    Reply
  172. Natalia

    I love watching these!

    Reply
  173. Ethan

    Here from Texas, I love Science Live!

    Reply
  174. Lynsey

    Wow, i never knew you invented the internet, that’s so cool!!!

    Reply
  175. Ethan

    Technology is always so fascinating to learn about.

    Reply

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