The Invention That Made the Internet Possible

In 1978, Dr. Roger Billings invented Universal Networking — the foundational technology behind how the modern internet shares information.

In this episode of ScienceLive, he tells the complete story for the first time, in his own words. It starts with a problem. J. Willard Marriott, founder of the Marriott Hotels empire, had 12 of IBM’s largest mainframe computers — the biggest the company made — and they still couldn’t keep up with reservation demand. IBM told him a 13th machine would crash the entire system. He needed a solution that didn’t exist yet. Dr. Billings invented one.

His concept was elegantly simple: instead of every computer trying to talk to every other computer simultaneously, create a dedicated “library” computer — what we now call a server — that any number of users could query independently. The result was a system that could scale to an unlimited number of users without overloading. He called it Universal Networking, patented it as U.S. Patent No. 4,714,989, and proved it worked by installing it at real businesses around the world using the Billings Microcomputer — one of the earliest personal computers ever built.

Today, every website, every app, and every internet transaction runs on this same client-server principle.

This is the story of one of the most important and least-known inventions of the 20th century — told by the man who invented it.

About DrB

Dr. Roger Billings is a visionary innovator whose work has touched the lives of millions of students and transformed the landscape of education. Widely known as “DrB” to the countless kids who benefit from his groundbreaking Acellus learning system, Dr. Billings has dedicated his life to advancing education through technology. As part of DrB’s lifelong commitment to supporting education, Science LIVE was launched as a way to “give back” by mentoring students in conjunction with the Roger Billings Scholarship Program.


Read more about DrB » 
About the Roger Billings Scholarship Program »

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3,896 Comments

  1. Madeline

    Very cool! I learned so much today, thank you!

    Reply
  2. Anna

    I think R 51 is funny!

    Reply
  3. Chayson

    Always love watching science live! Very cool episode!

    Reply
  4. Natalya

    Dr. Billings is a great inventor.

    Reply
  5. Austin

    That was an amazing episode

    Reply
  6. David

    Love watching Science live and learning new things each week

    Reply
  7. Blake

    Its CRAZY how much we rely on internet now!

    Reply
  8. Archer

    this is so cool! Thank you

    Reply
  9. Ryron

    Hi my name is ryron i love siccence live

    Reply
  10. Elizabeth

    That is so cool!

    Reply
  11. Ansleigh

    I love science

    Reply
  12. Anthony

    Loved learning about the internet! awesome video!

    Reply
  13. Talia

    Love it hi from arizona!!!

    Reply
  14. Cassidy

    It’s amazing how much Dr. Billings has contributed to the things we use today ( the net, computer, hydro car, ect.). I hope to hear more about the inventions he has made and how he kept persevering through failed attempts.

    Reply
  15. Aaliyah

    I love science live!

    Reply
  16. Kristen

    The internet has become more and more advanced and used. What used to be barely kilobytes transferred over has now turned into gigabytes, and everyone underestimates just how much technology changes. Everything has become reliant on internet, and that includes fridges.

    Reply
  17. Clayton

    The internet is very useful in today’s world even external to entertainment.

    Reply
  18. Jack

    Cool episode!

    Reply
  19. Jameson

    How could the air powered robot be used in mars or moon missions?

    Reply
  20. Ashton

    So cool to know how this all started the tiny robot one was amazing I look forward watching more of this.

    Reply
  21. Luke

    Thank you for this wonderful school.

    Reply
  22. Asher

    I look forward to science live every week. Thank you

    Reply
  23. Kaspian

    the air powered robot fascinated me it did look like a scorpion will take inspiration for future project of mine

    Reply
  24. Leanne

    the air technology is amazing

    Reply
  25. Ela

    I’m your biggest fan!!!

    Reply
  26. Gavin

    The 3d printer was super cool.

    Reply
  27. Issaiah

    i love science live

    Reply
  28. Baylor

    I love this video!

    Reply
  29. John

    I love watches its amazing to know history of the quartz movement

    Reply
  30. Lydia

    Thank you! I always learn something new!

    Reply
  31. Luis

    Dr. billings is the best!!!!!!!!

    Reply
  32. Asher

    Comment I look forward to this every week. Thank you

    Reply
  33. Madisyn

    Thank you for making this Science Live this week.

    Reply
  34. Shelby

    This was so good. Thank you.

    Reply
  35. Braylee

    Roger billings is so cool

    Reply
  36. Preston

    The internet is fasinating in different ways because you can literally do anything thats on your mind and create something big

    Reply
    • Solymar

      The electronic chip was cool.

      Reply
    • Marci

      It’s so awesome that Dr. Billings helped create the internet! And I’m so thankful to be able to able to attend Acellus with your help!

      Reply
    • Ellis

      Super cool video thank you

      Reply
    • Hadley

      My mom and dad talk about the Internet they had when it first came out.

      Reply
    • Mason

      It truly is a marvel. You should checkout the world map pixel art website called wplace.live. Its wonderful.

      Reply
    • Caitlin

      Your amazing

      Reply
    • Makenna

      I love Dr billings

      Reply
    • Matthew

      Awesome

      Reply
  37. Hawraa

    Amazing video! Interesting!

    Reply
  38. Nathaniel

    Great live mr billings! Really interesting

    Reply
  39. Lyla

    this is cool

    Reply
  40. Isaac

    I liked the air powered robot.

    Reply
  41. Jordyn

    hello from katy

    Reply
  42. Haleigh

    Wow science live is great! Cool experiments!

    Reply
  43. Sergio

    best one yet so far

    Reply
  44. Aubrey

    I remember reading about the Piezoelectric effect a while back, super neat. Another great episode!

    Reply
  45. Michelle

    Dr.Billings you are so awesome!!

    Reply
    • Jaxon

      We rely on the internet to much

      Reply
    • Taqwa

      Yes!!!

      Reply
    • Katherine

      Learning how it started is so cool!!!

      Reply
    • Matvey

      So thankful for the guy who made the Internet such a cool live keep up the good work

      Reply
    • Shyan

      I loved the tiny robot that worked with only air and moved by itself without any wires. There was no technology and it worked in water. So cool to know how this all started. We rely so much on the internet now.

      Reply
    • Layla

      This is the greatest show iv’e ever

      Reply
    • Matteo

      Wow! The internet is crazy!

      Reply
    • Gracie

      So cool

      Reply
    • Elex

      i agree

      Reply
    • Matthew

      Cool

      Reply
    • Adam

      Dr.billings your so awesome also Internet is an amazing technology

      Reply
    • Ava

      The little robot that runs on air is so cool!

      Reply
    • Judah

      I love science live!!

      Reply
  46. Kessaline

    HI. SCIENCE LIVE

    Reply
  47. Mitchell

    So cool to know how this all started. We rely so much on the internet now.

    Reply
    • Lilly

      This was amazing!

      Reply
    • Dollie

      I’m actually making my own computer right now

      Reply
    • Brooke

      it’s so cool to see how it all started

      Reply
  48. Cassie

    Hi from Tennessee

    Reply
  49. Jameson

    I loved the tiny robot that worked with only air and moved by itself without any wires. There was no technology and it worked in water.

    Reply
    • Layla

      Could you guys do a science live explaining how to apply to colleges? I took an English course that had a few lessons on college but it was awhile ago and I would love something I could look at again and whenever I need more information!

      Reply
    • Ezekiel

      Thank you Acellus Live!

      Reply
    • Raya

      It was interesting learning how Bulova used a tuning fork to find a way to move the second hand consistentley.

      Reply
  50. Phoenix

    Computers are so fast now it’s insane!

    Reply
    • Rachel

      Dr. Billings your contribution to the world of internet is so awesome. Thank you!

      Reply
    • Sean

      We rely on the internet so much. I.cant imagine the world without it

      Reply
    • Chase

      Great episode!

      Reply
    • Corinne

      Cool live this week! Can’t wait to learn new things next week! 🙂

      Reply
  51. Connor

    Wow! I didn’t know you had so many patents!

    Reply
    • Marleigh

      So interesting learning about the beginnings of the internet. Great topic!

      Reply
    • Carson

      The segment about the robots was really cool.

      Reply
  52. Ryan

    This was a fascinating episode.

    Reply
  53. Grace

    I enjoyed this video.

    Reply
  54. Jordan

    this was very interesting

    Reply
  55. Kylie

    Dr Billings is so smart!

    Reply
  56. Lois

    Wow! So cool!!!

    Reply
  57. Aden

    This was such an interesting video!

    Reply
  58. Joaxquin

    Learning about the pneumatically powered robot was really intriguing! The fact that it has no electronics is shocking!

    Reply
  59. Temperance

    I think it is interesting how the first watch used a tuning fork inside. It is so cool how crystals are used to help run a watch to tell time. Thank you for the scholarship, Dr. Billings! I think Science Live is interesting! I appreciate All You Do to make a Difference and Impact! 🙂 🙂

    Reply
    • Sabrina

      Your jet is so cool. I enjoy watching. I think R51 is so funny. His android ice cream truck is pretty neat.

      Reply
  60. Alexander

    Thank you for the amazing episode of science live!

    Reply
  61. Esther

    Nice! I enjoyed this episode.

    Reply
  62. Hope

    can you do how a tv was made

    Reply
  63. A`quilla

    Thank you for your continuous support and guidance through this patch in life.

    Reply
    • Savanna

      I liked learning about the quartz watches!

      Reply
  64. Kynsley

    you explain this so well

    Reply
    • Haven

      I really enjoyed looking into your past life. Although I was sad that the protocheyes where not in the video.

      Reply
  65. Braydi

    Any conversation about the internet sends me down a rabbit hole of early internet and how it worked.

    Reply
  66. Shalymar

    I like about the Accu rotron it was cool 😎

    Reply
  67. Addison

    Acellus has really helped me with learning at my own pace and always guides me around with questions I don’t understand, thank you Acellus.

    Reply
  68. Aviana

    That is so cool finding out who helped make the internet!

    Reply
  69. Roman

    I enjoyed this episode.

    Reply
  70. Victoria

    Loved this episode! I love science live!

    Reply
  71. Noah

    thanks for the video!

    Reply
  72. Alana

    Thank you for giving me the opportunity to be able to use Acellus!

    Reply
  73. Mariana

    I love acellus! specially U.S history classes with Mr.Todds

    Reply
  74. Adelyn

    3d printing is so awesome!

    Reply
  75. Elly

    Wow just wow.

    Reply
  76. Allie

    Such a interesting episode, thank yall!

    Reply
  77. Ayden

    this is one of my favorite episodes so far!!

    Reply
  78. Caiden

    Learning about the internet is so cool.

    Reply
  79. Eli

    My favorite ice cream is chocolate!

    Reply
  80. Sabrina

    I want a 3D printer, but they are so expensive.

    Reply
  81. Noah

    Science live is so cool!

    Reply
  82. Kaley

    I liked this video it was cool!

    Reply
  83. Brandon

    The 3D printed robot is crazy

    Reply
  84. Mason

    I loved this episode! I can’t wait till the next episode!

    Reply
  85. Makedah

    love watching science live videos

    Reply
  86. Olivia

    It was really interesting to learn about universal networking, I had no idea that Roger Billings invented it so that was cool to learn about

    Reply
  87. Annabelle

    I can’t wait to see what everyone does for the science fair!

    Reply
  88. Logan

    science live is so interesting

    Reply
  89. Tru

    funny and awsome

    Reply
  90. Emery

    This was very interesting!

    Reply
  91. Lincoln

    I love circuits I love that you guys use circuits and I love science life. you guys are so cool.

    Reply
  92. Kade

    Science live is always so entertaining!

    Reply
  93. Jordan

    I’m so excited for the science fair I can’t wait to see everyone else is going to make!🔬💡

    Reply
  94. Payton

    what are we learning today.

    Reply
  95. Kaitlyn

    I love science live!

    Reply
  96. Hadley

    Tobias you are so funny I loved your imaginary friend joke.(I’m sorry if I misspelled your name)

    Reply
  97. Everett

    Is there anything else Dr. Billings helped to invent?

    Reply
  98. Margie

    Dr .Billings you are an inspiration to so many people, including me!

    Reply
  99. Jupiter

    I like the spider air robot that was very cool!!!

    Reply
  100. Thomas

    Science live is so cool

    Reply
  101. Elsie

    Fascinating to learn about the start of the internet!

    Reply
  102. Eve

    Wow so cool!

    Reply
  103. Willow

    Paget could use the idea of air pressure to build her moving butterfly. It could fly under the water with a camera that captures scenes. I appreciate your Big Heart Dr. Billings! If it wasn’t for the scholarship, my sister and I would have had to homeschool differently. Thank you! I have learned so much with Acellus over the last three years. I appreciate what you have been doing with Acellus. I think you put forth a lot of hard work, and I really appreciate you even more! 🙂 🙂

    Reply
  104. Silas

    I never knew you helped make the world wide web!

    Reply
  105. Matalynn

    Hi Dr.B!

    Reply
  106. Cole

    Comment These are my favorite part of Wednesday.

    Reply
  107. Lauren

    Thank you for keeping the scholarship program going!

    Reply
  108. Kihaleigh

    I like the YouTube setup!!

    Reply
  109. Jameson

    I Loved that tiny robot that wrekd with gust are I wish I had that tiny robot

    Reply
  110. Bennett

    Using a 3d printer to make an actual moving robot without electricity is so cool.

    Reply
  111. Fisher

    Were watches heavier when they were invented?

    Reply
  112. Andrew

    Wow so that’s interesting!

    Reply
  113. Maryjane

    What an amazing story from Dr Billings! I really liked this episode.

    Reply
  114. William

    Science live is so good!

    Reply
  115. Anna

    love these science lives!!!

    Reply
  116. Skye

    I loved the new story from Dr. billings!!!

    Reply
  117. Grayson

    Love watching these science lives every week!!

    Reply
  118. Sakinah

    Wher can I find out more out about these topics?

    Reply
  119. Samuel

    The internet is so fascinating

    Reply
  120. Charlie

    thank you 51 😏

    Reply
  121. Lyla

    how neat! And I love hotels like The Marriott

    Reply
  122. Connie

    I love watching science live😁😁😁

    Reply
  123. Noah

    Awesome video!

    Reply
  124. William

    very interesting!

    Reply
  125. 𝓑𝓻𝓸𝓸𝓴𝓵𝔂𝓷

    𝓘 𝓽𝓱𝓲𝓷𝓴 𝓱𝓪𝓻𝓭 𝓮𝓵𝓮𝓬𝓽𝓻𝓸𝓷𝓲𝓬 𝓬𝓱𝓲𝓹𝓼 𝓼𝓱𝓸𝓾𝓵𝓭 𝓽𝓪𝓼𝓽𝓮 𝓼𝓸𝓸𝓸𝓸𝓸 𝓰𝓸𝓸𝓭 𝓵𝓸𝓵

    Reply
  126. Ethan

    Hello! Is there any flaws with the Universal Networking system? Thank you for your time!

    Reply
  127. David

    Loved this episode!!

    Reply
  128. Miley

    what other Non-electric sources of power can we use to power a robot?

    Reply
  129. Caleb

    Thank you I really appreaciate the scholarship I will definitely be more responsible and I will see you next science live.

    Reply
  130. Zach

    IT WAS COOL

    Reply
  131. Ziggi

    Such a cool video this week!

    Reply
  132. Emmilynne

    3D printers sooo fascinating!!!

    Reply
  133. Payton

    I love this weeks live.

    Reply
  134. Trinity

    you should do a video of Dr.Billings reviewing all of R51s inventions haha! I loved this live today

    Reply
  135. Mitchell

    so cool ! I love watching science lives!

    Reply
  136. Kaeson

    The air robot is pretty cool

    Reply
  137. Israel

    I think it’s really sad that you might have to sell your fancy car, we love Science Live!

    Reply
  138. Ellieanna

    Loved this episode.

    Reply
  139. Katy

    Acellus is awsome

    Reply
  140. Jazzlyn

    Loved this episode! I had so much fun watching this.

    Reply
  141. Natalia

    I love watching these!

    Reply
  142. Ethan

    Here from Texas, I love Science Live!

    Reply
  143. Lynsey

    Wow, i never knew you invented the internet, that’s so cool!!!

    Reply
  144. Ethan

    Technology is always so fascinating to learn about.

    Reply
  145. Nora

    This live was incredible!! So much fun to watch!

    Reply
  146. Caden

    learned a lot great video!

    Reply
  147. Haley

    Go science live!

    Reply
  148. Derek

    love you Mr. billing

    Reply
  149. Jaelynn

    I love watching the Science Live videos!

    Reply
  150. Juliet

    Wow never knew that about the internet thank you Dr billings!

    Reply
  151. Patricia

    This is my first week with the program. I really like it.

    Reply
  152. Alexa

    The hydrogen robot being able to work basically as soon as it’s finished printing and also being able to go underwater is really cool! I’m sure there are so many ways to efficiently use it.

    Reply
  153. John

    I’ve only really used a smart watch, but I’ve always thought that normal watches were really cool. So, learning the history and how they used tuning forks to make them was very cool!

    Reply
  154. Elizabeth

    Thank you for teaching us. I love the first video/Science live.

    Reply
  155. Brie

    Cool science live 🙂

    Reply
  156. Cosimo

    It was so cool learning about how they invented the watch. I didn’t know that there is crystal in every watch, that’s such a cool thing to know. Also the process was very tricky to make a watch but it payed off in the end and now we all use watches!!!

    Reply
  157. Blaze

    What do I have to do to enter Science fair, what buttons do I have to press *

    Reply
  158. Sanjuanita

    This is a cool invention!!!!I love science live ☺️☺️☺️☺️

    Reply
  159. Ayden

    I love the scholarship program

    Reply
  160. Justin

    that was cool

    Reply
  161. James

    it awesome that dr billings was one of the people to help make the internet

    Reply
  162. Angelina

    Amazing episode today!

    Reply
  163. Lyla

    Do we still use quartz in watches today?

    Reply
  164. Madelyn

    I love Dr. Billings!

    Reply
  165. Matthew

    i always enjoy watching science live

    Reply
  166. Rosalieh

    This weeks Science Live was a very good one. Dr. Billing’s gave a great speech at the end.

    Reply
  167. Kaylee

    woah, I love science lives sooo much!! Can’t wait to see what we learn next week!!

    Reply
  168. Autumn

    This was a really great video!

    Reply
  169. Naliedy

    Love watching these lives!

    Reply
  170. Cooper

    This is the best. I’m so happy I get to watch science live.

    Reply
  171. Alexa

    That’s crazy that he helped make the Internet!

    Reply
  172. Bam

    so cool I love these lives!!

    Reply
  173. Ammon

    I like science almost as much as Zoeey

    Reply
  174. Anne

    Great Job Dr. Billings God Bless You and Your Family And Those Who Are Reading This

    Reply
  175. Mischa

    this is so cool!

    Reply

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