The Invention That Made the Internet Possible

In 1978, Dr. Roger Billings invented Universal Networking — the foundational technology behind how the modern internet shares information.

In this episode of ScienceLive, he tells the complete story for the first time, in his own words. It starts with a problem. J. Willard Marriott, founder of the Marriott Hotels empire, had 12 of IBM’s largest mainframe computers — the biggest the company made — and they still couldn’t keep up with reservation demand. IBM told him a 13th machine would crash the entire system. He needed a solution that didn’t exist yet. Dr. Billings invented one.

His concept was elegantly simple: instead of every computer trying to talk to every other computer simultaneously, create a dedicated “library” computer — what we now call a server — that any number of users could query independently. The result was a system that could scale to an unlimited number of users without overloading. He called it Universal Networking, patented it as U.S. Patent No. 4,714,989, and proved it worked by installing it at real businesses around the world using the Billings Microcomputer — one of the earliest personal computers ever built.

Today, every website, every app, and every internet transaction runs on this same client-server principle.

This is the story of one of the most important and least-known inventions of the 20th century — told by the man who invented it.

About DrB

Dr. Roger Billings is a visionary innovator whose work has touched the lives of millions of students and transformed the landscape of education. Widely known as “DrB” to the countless kids who benefit from his groundbreaking Acellus learning system, Dr. Billings has dedicated his life to advancing education through technology. As part of DrB’s lifelong commitment to supporting education, Science LIVE was launched as a way to “give back” by mentoring students in conjunction with the Roger Billings Scholarship Program.


Read more about DrB » 
About the Roger Billings Scholarship Program »

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3,296 Comments

  1. Kara

    I wonder how different the world would be without internet

    Reply
  2. Kara

    I love learning different topics every week!

    Reply
  3. Ariana

    I love r51 he’s so funny

    Reply
  4. Mattison

    Science is great

    Reply
  5. Jaxson

    so cool

    Reply
  6. Stella

    This was definitely one of my favorite videos. I am going to be sure and follow these videos once I graduate. I love that they keep us up to date on things that are going on in the world.

    Reply
  7. Audi

    Great episode thank you

    Reply
  8. Eleanor

    Science live videos are my favorite!

    Reply
  9. Adriana

    This episode was really interesting!

    Reply
  10. Ian

    I love science live

    Reply
  11. Charlie

    learning about the robots is super cool, i want to make my own robot! i like learning about inventions and what to invent stuff to be on mars!

    Reply
  12. Paislee

    Computers are so cool!

    Reply
  13. R`mhani

    i think it was cool how the crystal vibrated after voltage was at the back of it.

    Reply
  14. Barry

    Ethernet is such as interesting topic to talk about!

    Reply
  15. Cole

    This was like an episode of “How its made”!!!!!!

    Reply
  16. Austin

    Great live

    Reply
  17. Audry

    Great live

    Reply
  18. Nevaeh

    learning from home and still feeling so involved is an amazing feeling

    Reply
  19. Blaze

    I love learning about how the internet was created!

    Reply
  20. Cayla

    Acellus is the best!

    Reply
  21. Ashura

    these videos help me learn and grow im glad i get to watch them!

    Reply
  22. Lilly

    i love these videos so much

    Reply
  23. Rudolph

    I love power homeschooling

    Reply
  24. Braydi

    I love science!

    Reply
  25. Sara

    Im glad they made this possible if not I wouldn’t be able to come school!!!!!

    Reply
  26. Braelyn

    Hello from Mississippi! I love these videos crazy how much we use the internet now.

    Reply
  27. Aminae

    Great information to learn

    Reply
  28. Lola

    wow!

    Reply
  29. Damian

    That explains a lot, now I truly know the depth behind the internet, technology is truly crazy. W video!!

    Reply
  30. Noah

    Thank you, Dr. Billings for your sacrifices!

    Reply
  31. Franklin

    I didn’t no that garlic can do that!

    Reply
  32. Carson

    good day

    Reply
  33. Mercedes

    I love watching Science live great lesson.

    Reply
  34. Declan

    Trying to understand a problem you are trying to solve seems to be the most important part of being a good Scientist and inventor. Roger Billings really taught me that in this Science Live episode. It just makes me want to keep learning more from Science Live.

    Reply
  35. Li

    I never knew you could measure voltage from a crystal. It’s incredible that they even came up with that idea and then made the link to vibration. So cool!

    Reply
  36. Flora

    I loved watching the air powered Robot! What an amazing invention! Science Live is the best!

    Reply
  37. Bowie

    Watching all the short videos on the Acellus Science Fair projects really made me want to work hard on this years Science Fair! I am so glad they showed some ideas that other Acellus students are working on.

    Reply
  38. Lillian

    The internet is so important and useful now and I am so glad I get to watch these videos to help me learn more about it!

    Reply
  39. Flo

    this was cool.

    Reply
  40. Emma

    It was really interesting learning how the invention of networking made the internet possible!

    Reply
  41. Candon

    science live is fun,

    Reply
  42. Sofia

    Wow so cool!

    Reply
  43. Kynlie

    Acellus makes learning so much easier

    Reply
  44. Shaine

    This is a good one,

    Reply
  45. Gavin

    You explained it very well.

    Reply
  46. Remington

    I am so ready for summer

    Reply
  47. Estelle

    It’s so cool how far the internet has progressed and how much it changed our lives!

    Reply
  48. Wyatt

    The air driven catipilar is awesome! Can’t wait to get a 3D printer.

    Reply
  49. Mia

    Thank you for the information!!!❤️❤️❤️❤️

    Reply
  50. Justin

    I liked learning about The Invention That Made the Internet Possible.

    Reply
  51. Riley

    Interesting video

    Reply
  52. Hollind

    Thanks Dr.B!!!

    Reply
  53. Hollind

    Ohhh cool!

    Reply
  54. Baleigh

    I’m so glad internet came into this world

    Reply
  55. Brody

    Its so intriguing to learn about how Dr.Billings invented universal networking and its not talked about enough. It is one of the most important inventions of the 20th century.

    Reply
  56. Christopher

    r-51 is so funny!

    Reply
  57. Jayden

    I am so glad that we are able to learn new things through the internet it makes learning so much easier for me

    Reply
  58. Kyron

    Wow

    Reply
  59. Harper

    im a very visaual problem soler so i love accellus

    Reply
  60. Seth

    I love these videos!!!

    Reply
  61. Eli

    the internet is so cool

    Reply
  62. Eleanor

    I love science

    Reply
  63. Houston

    i love the internet

    Reply
  64. Colson

    good video

    Reply
  65. Ian

    Computers have changed so much

    Reply
  66. Logan

    I love science explosions.

    Reply
  67. Gracelynn

    Woah this episode was so interesting.

    Reply
  68. Jesus

    Tuning fork watch idea was very interesting. The internet has come so far it is amazing if you use it for good so much information at your reach.

    Reply
  69. Marlen

    It’s crazy how Rogers changed the future for all of us!!!!!

    Reply
  70. Cody

    Great episode! Science live is super fun to watch.

    Reply
  71. Jaqueline

    Wow this is great!

    Reply
  72. Charles

    How do I get science credit for watching science live?

    Reply
    • Science Live

      To access Science Live, sign in on the home page or open Science Live under ‘Activities’ in your Acellus student account. Not sure if you’re logged in? Go to submit a comment — if your name appears, you’re all set!

      Reply
  73. Cooper

    Visual learning isn’t absolute favourite so that’s just one of the reasons I love science live!

    Reply
  74. Stephanie

    love acellus makes learing actually fun

    Reply
  75. Caleb

    Nowadays we use the internet so much so I am glad this happened.

    Reply
  76. Annelore

    I really like learning about science every week

    Reply
  77. Miracle

    It was very fascinating learning about Dr. Roger Billings journey.

    Reply
  78. Max

    I had just learned about the brothers.

    Reply
  79. Jordin

    I’m glad for this episode

    Reply
  80. Brynna

    I love learning about the different patents!

    Reply
  81. Isabella

    I loved this live thank you for telling us all about the internet!

    Reply
  82. Alexander

    I love learning about the different patents!

    Reply
  83. Makenzie

    Great live as always !

    Reply
  84. Jonah

    Awesome live! Creating the invention that made internet must feel so amazing.

    Reply
  85. Aubri

    another great science live

    Reply
  86. David

    Thanks from Montana.
    David

    Reply
  87. Avonlea

    So fascinating how much we have evolved everything around us 0o0

    Reply
  88. Zoe

    The piano note experiment was really interesting!

    Reply
  89. Judah

    I love science live!!

    Reply
  90. Brooklynn

    I’ve really enjoyed learning about Ethernet these past couple weeks!!

    Reply
  91. Jacob

    Learning how the internet was made is interesting.

    Reply
  92. Mckaylee

    I really liked learning about time, and how the watch works!

    Reply
  93. Bethany

    This Science Live was so inspiring! Education truly is an amazing gift!

    Reply
  94. Justin

    I am enjoying learning with acellus. Thank you

    Reply
  95. Essence

    Hi from texas

    Reply
  96. Zeke

    What does the invention made the internet impossible

    Reply
  97. Lyla

    That is amazing that Dr. Billings had such a huge part in the creation of the internet!

    Reply
  98. Blaze

    This was very fun to watch!

    Reply
  99. Olivia

    The internet is really cool!

    Reply
  100. Hunter

    It’s crazy how much faster the internet is now than it was before. I learned so much about it this episode!!

    Reply
  101. Charlie

    When you talked about selling one of your most prized processions to help with tuition, I thought this really spoke to what kind of person you are! Thank you! The internet blows my mind. I have just recently started using AI to create pictures and videos. Honestly, it is almost scary what the internet can do!! Regarding the crystals…. I collect them but had no idea how much they are really used for!!

    Reply
  102. Taven

    Thank you, Dr. Billings, for Science Live! I love them so much!

    Reply
  103. Hailee

    Hello from NJ!

    Reply
  104. Logan

    so cool i cant believe how much internet can do

    Reply
  105. Nguyen

    I love watching The Inventioneers most

    Reply
  106. Andrea

    Ready to start this!

    Reply
  107. Amaya

    I loved this week’s Science LIVE!!!!!!

    Reply
  108. Alana

    I had no idea quartz were used to tell time!

    Reply
  109. Levon

    I love learning about the internet!

    Reply
  110. Isabella

    This live was so cool! I liked listening to this live in the background while I cleaned, it really sets the content in!

    Reply
  111. Brayden

    Computerers are so cool!!

    Reply
  112. Isabella

    I was surprised when I heard you invented universal networking, I think that’s really cool! I could only imagine the bragging rights!

    Reply
  113. Vanessa

    So interesting to see how the internet began and how far we have come with technology!! Thank you Dr. Billings.

    Reply
  114. Alynnea

    Thank you again for another cool video!!

    Reply
  115. Michael

    Its crazy how many job opportunities came up from the internet from computer workers to social media

    Reply
  116. Sawyer

    I love this video so much!

    Reply
  117. Caleb

    another great science live

    Reply
  118. Morgan

    My mom works on servers, she is a systems admin for IBM power systems. Mainframes are not servers, they are high capacity high powered processing ‘units’.

    Reply
  119. Jamyah

    I love these!

    Reply
  120. Morgan

    Dr. Joseph is funny and the presenters make everything so interesting. I also like listening to Tobias.

    Reply
  121. Brooke

    This was awesome! I love the science lives.

    Reply
  122. Corinne

    Another great science live. Can’t wait for next weeks! 🙂

    Reply
  123. Kenneth

    Kenneth from NM here!

    Reply
  124. Joel

    Hello from Portland…

    Reply
  125. Renee!

    so cool, i’m glad I got to learn more about the internet! science live is amazing, thanks DrB! :3

    Reply
  126. Elijah

    hi from south Carolina

    Reply
  127. Zay`mauri

    what other Non- electric sources of power can we use to
    power a robot?

    Reply
  128. Lillian

    hi from maine

    Reply
  129. Mccoy

    Hello from Michigan!

    Reply
  130. Jayden

    The internet is fasinating in different ways

    Reply
  131. Luke

    I can’t wait for this week!

    Reply
  132. Zarek

    So cool due to internet we get to study online and see these videos!

    Reply
  133. Susan

    I always enjoy watching science live

    Reply
  134. Lyla

    The internet is truly amazing how everything is connected! and how much it has advanced over time!

    Reply
  135. Ashlyn

    The internet is truly a cool place, one small thing can make a big difference

    Reply
  136. Khloe

    Science lives are my favorite keep up the good work

    Reply
  137. Khloe

    Thank you for all these amazing lives

    Reply
  138. Lucas

    Thank Dr Billings for all of your inventions and for the Acellus program

    Reply
  139. Jordin

    I really enjoyed this weeks science live

    Reply
  140. Jonathan

    Bulova famous watch brand from NY used a tuning fork to figure out the vibration to move the second hand. 360 times it vibrated in a second.

    Reply
  141. Deklyn

    I love watching science live each week!!

    Reply
  142. Jason

    Loved the video! Very entertaining education!

    Reply
  143. Nyla

    He is so cool 😎😻 and that is so interesting

    Reply
  144. Hadley

    i liked when they talked about the robot

    Reply
  145. Jayla

    All of those science fair projects sound incredible! Such amazing ideas!

    Reply
  146. Annabelle

    This. Was. A. Awesome. Episode!

    Reply
  147. Mercedes

    I want to try the robot ice cream!

    Reply
  148. Bella

    Its so cool learning about all this!

    Reply
  149. Maverick

    I liked the 3D printed robot that uses air for movement. Thank you for sharing!

    Reply
  150. Julia

    So so fascinating how this all started!

    Reply
  151. Trinity

    A car so quiet you can’t hear it?… sounds like the opposite of our car’s sound lol also I would love to try that “electronic chip ice cream” r51! (Side note: I think that jet is awesome and I don’t want you to sell it and you deserve to be happy soooo-) 😛

    Reply
  152. Mundy

    A robot that runs on air seems both better for the environment and better for high-risk scenarios, such as disaster recovery. Robots like that could be used to recognize and lead rescue services to people’s locations in events like tornadoes and hurricanes. Nice video.

    Reply
  153. Derek

    hi from Puerto Rico

    Reply
  154. Dathan

    Could other “small” inventions lead to massive discovery’s in our lifetime? Such as perhaps space travel?

    Reply
  155. Taylor

    That’s so fascinating I love this episode

    Reply
  156. Kingston

    I like seeing them solve problems.

    Reply
  157. Rosemarie

    Bugs are gross even in a computer.

    Reply
  158. Abigail

    The interent is so cool!

    Reply
  159. Maximo

    this is so cool to learn thank you so much

    Reply
  160. Reanna

    I never know you could take chlorine out of water with hydrogen, that’s so cool!

    Reply
  161. Brooklyn

    It’s so cool to hear how it all started and here we are now!!!

    Reply
  162. Abygail

    We use the internet for everything

    Reply
  163. Scarlett

    I liked learning about people finding out how to 3D print robots with out having the robot using electronics by using air. That was cool and could be very useful in the future.

    Reply
  164. Lyla

    I can’t believe those people tried to steel your idea and you had to go to court!

    Reply
  165. Tristen

    I love how you guys show how the internet has evolved over time and grew thank you science lives!!

    Reply
  166. Penelope

    I love live science

    Reply
  167. Emerson

    That is so cool

    Reply
  168. Britt

    Wow that’s so cool

    Reply
  169. Nicolas

    Nice. My Dad knows John Marriott. Love the story

    Reply
  170. Anry

    What company did you sell the computer brand to? And does that company still exist?

    Reply
  171. Finn

    I want to be an inventorneer!

    Reply
  172. Don

    Wow Willard Marriott is so smart I didn’t even know that things like that existed

    Reply
  173. Jacob

    This science live was so fun! I learned a lot!

    Reply
  174. Hannah

    It’s so interesting how the internet works

    Reply
  175. Zoe

    Without internet I would never have known Acellus.

    Reply

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