The Invention That Made the Internet Possible

In 1978, Dr. Roger Billings invented Universal Networking — the foundational technology behind how the modern internet shares information.

In this episode of ScienceLive, he tells the complete story for the first time, in his own words. It starts with a problem. J. Willard Marriott, founder of the Marriott Hotels empire, had 12 of IBM’s largest mainframe computers — the biggest the company made — and they still couldn’t keep up with reservation demand. IBM told him a 13th machine would crash the entire system. He needed a solution that didn’t exist yet. Dr. Billings invented one.

His concept was elegantly simple: instead of every computer trying to talk to every other computer simultaneously, create a dedicated “library” computer — what we now call a server — that any number of users could query independently. The result was a system that could scale to an unlimited number of users without overloading. He called it Universal Networking, patented it as U.S. Patent No. 4,714,989, and proved it worked by installing it at real businesses around the world using the Billings Microcomputer — one of the earliest personal computers ever built.

Today, every website, every app, and every internet transaction runs on this same client-server principle.

This is the story of one of the most important and least-known inventions of the 20th century — told by the man who invented it.

About DrB

Dr. Roger Billings is a visionary innovator whose work has touched the lives of millions of students and transformed the landscape of education. Widely known as “DrB” to the countless kids who benefit from his groundbreaking Acellus learning system, Dr. Billings has dedicated his life to advancing education through technology. As part of DrB’s lifelong commitment to supporting education, Science LIVE was launched as a way to “give back” by mentoring students in conjunction with the Roger Billings Scholarship Program.


Read more about DrB » 
About the Roger Billings Scholarship Program »

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3,896 Comments

  1. Skylar

    this is a very cool invention!

    Reply
  2. Mckenly

    There are so many cool things on the internet. Is so cool that you can do anything you think of on there.

    Reply
  3. Samantha

    cool to know how the internent works!

    Reply
  4. Kenleigh

    DR BILLINGS IS SOOO COOL I CANT BELIEVE HOW MUCH I LEARN.!!

    Reply
  5. Brie

    I enjoyed the Android ice cream truck that sold computer chip ice cream.

    Reply
  6. Amir

    Love to watch

    Reply
  7. Shannon

    absolutely loved. This lesson was extremely interesting. Love the way Mr. Billings presents all of his amazing lessons.

    Reply
  8. Shannon

    this lesson was fascinating love all the ways you can do different things also love how Mr. Billings describes and presents everything

    Reply
  9. Megan

    oh r 51…

    Reply
  10. Christopher

    Hello from Illinois. I’m re-commenting, because I don’t think my old comment is submitted.

    Reply
  11. Hosea

    Thank you, Dr. Billings. This was a very educational and interesting video for us students to learn and have fun. And it’s fascinating how all this started.

    Reply
  12. Christian

    My dad tinkers with watchmaking a the watch segment was very interesting.

    Reply
  13. Robby

    So cool Dr. Billings helped make the internet.

    Reply
  14. Nailah

    I like the alien guy!

    Reply
  15. Addalyn

    The internet is older than I thought!

    Reply
  16. Porter

    Very interesting video on the internet and how it started.

    Reply
  17. Samuel

    Dr. Billings pretty much made the modern era it seems.

    Reply
  18. Jackson

    intresting live dr billings

    Reply
  19. Julien

    Love the videos

    Reply
  20. Chase

    Hello from Illinois!

    Reply
  21. Natalie

    I loved todays episode. Cant wait for the next!

    Reply
  22. Adriana

    The technology of the internet is pretty amazing.

    Reply
  23. Adelaide

    You’ve done so well

    Reply
  24. Aj

    Where are the proteges?
    Don’t give up the car and jet, Mr.B!

    Reply
  25. Braylon

    When they were inventing the first clock, how were they able to tell what the time is, and how did they came to the conclusion that there is 24 hours in a day?

    Reply
  26. Cristian

    It was amazing to see Artemis II launch on April 1st!

    Reply
  27. Ahriana

    I love learning new things from these lives! Ahriana from Kansas

    Reply
  28. Kayla

    It is kinda crazy how much we rely on Internet especially when hardly anyone had it 35 years ago.

    Reply
  29. Mason

    Isn’t every living thing a robot that runs on air, like breathing?

    Reply
  30. Zoey

    Thank you so much for this!! I hope that everyone had a good Easter if you celebrate it!!

    Reply
  31. Makenna

    I love this

    Reply
  32. Alyssa

    I love science

    Reply
  33. Janmejay

    I didn’t know he had so many patents.

    Reply
  34. Santiago

    Imagine how far we will get with technology in many years.

    Reply
  35. Perrin

    Mr. Billings, I appreciate you and all you do for me to be able to go to your school,

    Reply
  36. Leo

    What is your Wi-Fi password?

    Reply
  37. Mihai

    Thank you for this interesting episode!

    Reply
  38. Janmejay

    This is so cool!!

    Reply
  39. Mahayla

    I am so glad that your favorite invention so far led to the creation of Acellus. I can’t imagine doing school any other way. Thank you.

    Reply
  40. Autumn

    What originally made you interested in science and inventing life changing items? Is there anything specific that sparked your interest?

    Reply
  41. Sequoia

    The internet is such a big and important thing now!

    Reply
  42. Shia

    I love that these videos teach you alot but are also funny and keep you interested.

    Reply
  43. Kayden

    Another great video!

    Reply
  44. Marcus

    Thanks for another week of Science Live

    Reply
  45. Carson

    The segment about the robots was really cool.

    Reply
  46. Benjamin

    is crazy to me how 20 years ago the Internet was not really thought but it was gonna takeoff but now it is one of the biggest things that we use

    Reply
  47. Dshor

    I love science

    Reply
  48. Lucy

    So cool Dr Billings helped invent internet!

    Reply
  49. Lucian

    The internet is such a cool setup of computers, im glad i was born in the generation who can grow up with it

    Reply
  50. Liam

    Science live is the best!!!

    Reply
  51. Janae

    Wednesday’s are my favorite days to sit down and watch this!

    Reply
  52. Kylanee

    So many different things you can do with the internet, its insane!!

    Reply
  53. Quinn

    That is amazing that the robot could work on air and maybe we could use it deep in the ocean.

    Reply
  54. Grace

    The part about the Mariott was interesting.

    Reply
  55. Carson

    The use of 3D Printing is valuable in many different fields – Ag, Mechanical, Engineering

    Reply
  56. Thomas

    I’m curious what the pneumatic robot will mean in terms of engineering in the future.

    Reply
  57. Savanna

    I liked learning about the quartz watches!

    Reply
  58. Noah

    Thanks for all the work everyone put in to make this for us.

    Reply
  59. Yanishel

    Joining from SC!!!

    Reply
  60. Grace

    Very interesting episode. I liked the part about the Mariott.

    Reply
  61. Taqwa

    I love it 🥰

    Reply
  62. Olivia

    So awesome..!

    Reply
  63. Riley

    Good luck everyone in the science fair!

    Reply
  64. Kendall

    great video! acellus is so helpful. thank you all!!

    Reply
  65. Landon

    great science live as usual!!

    Reply
  66. Klaire

    Thank you for the live!

    Reply
  67. Saige

    The tuning fork had my attention!

    Reply
  68. Shadira

    Computers are so fascinating!

    Reply
  69. Cassandra

    I like the internet, especially if I need to research a topic that I don’t know much about.

    Reply
  70. Logan

    I love science live so much

    Reply
  71. Miana

    Science live is amazing!!

    Reply
  72. Danielle

    I really enjoy watching Science Live!

    Reply
  73. Makayla

    I love learning about science, it’s one of my favorite parts of school.

    Reply
  74. Connor

    the internet has come so far, its amazing what it can do!!

    Reply
  75. Gessika

    i love acellus science live super educational.

    Reply
  76. Lillian

    I love how cool the internet is and how everything works on it!

    Reply
  77. Sophia

    Computers have changed so much – my mother can remember growing up and they were pretty new in the early 1980s.

    Reply
  78. Ayanna

    I love science live so much!!!!!

    Reply
  79. Liam

    Hello from joplin mo

    Reply
  80. David

    Loved hearing about the internet very interesting learned something new this week about the internet

    Reply
  81. Naveah

    It’s crazy to think how far we’ve come in terms of technology!

    Reply
  82. Davis

    Love the live!

    Reply
  83. Santana

    Hosting a show on the internet and being able to say that you were behind the technology that made it all possible is such a massive flex.

    Reply
  84. Jackson

    here and ready to learn

    Reply
  85. Presley

    Thanks for this weeks video! That’s so amazing!

    Reply
  86. Lorelei

    the internet is just so awsome on all the things it can do!

    Reply
  87. Samuel

    I love watching this every week Dr billing you are so awesome

    Reply
  88. Max

    I always like to watch the science live

    Reply
  89. Sawyer

    How did phone line work back in the day?

    Reply
  90. Aaliyah

    That was awesome!

    Reply
  91. Kevin

    What is the invention that made the internet possible?

    Reply
  92. Evelyn

    I love how your willing to sell something with so much meaning behind it to you.

    Reply
  93. Eden

    Thank you for the scholarship program!

    Reply
  94. Kayden

    So happy the internet was made cause I use on a daily basis, and it was made in a really cool way too!

    Reply
  95. Taheer

    I’m here for science and engineering

    Reply
  96. Kristopher

    love the video

    Reply
  97. Michael

    Thanks for another awesome science live!

    Reply
  98. Alexis

    The robot that relys only on air is amazing how something like that can even run in water. The internet is very interesting and its crazy to see how much its evolved and to think about how much is can be changed in the future.

    Reply
  99. Leo

    Hi from VA!

    Reply
  100. Elijah

    The internet is one of the best inventions, it has allowed us to do so much

    Reply
  101. Franco

    I loved the Rolls Royce and I liked the ice cream truck at the end too-

    Thank you for my scholarship!

    Reply
  102. Azael

    cool how internet was made!

    Reply
  103. Daniel

    The internet has given so much!

    Reply
  104. Ava

    I think all of the science live videos are truly fascinating! Thank you so much for the amazing work!

    Reply
  105. Vailee

    Cool! I love science lives.

    Reply
  106. Julie

    Science live was really cool today

    Reply
  107. Daniel

    Thanks for getting Dr. John.

    Reply
  108. James

    The videos are great! Keep up the amazing work!

    Reply
  109. Noah

    I liked this live!

    Reply
  110. Jaxton

    isn’t life just the internet now

    Reply
  111. Benjamin

    you are so smart!

    Reply
  112. Haven

    Science lives are so fun! And intertaning!

    Reply
  113. Pheonna

    The garlic kid was cool!

    Reply
  114. Jacob

    Where are the proteges??

    Reply
  115. Rhys

    R.51 being goofy as always.

    Reply
  116. Lois

    Try watching r-51 on the slowest speed setting it is so funny! He sounds like a whale! (:

    Reply
  117. Lucy

    Another fun live!

    Reply
  118. Hayden

    so cool!!

    Reply
  119. Morgan

    This episode was so interesting!

    Reply
  120. Austin

    I love how passionate you are!

    Reply
  121. Makenna

    that was cool.

    Reply
  122. Giovannetta

    Gosh that’s so cool. Thank you so much for teaching me that!!

    Reply
  123. Trista

    It is amazing to me that you were to only able to envision the idea of networking but invent the system to make it possible! Thank you for all that you have made available to us!

    Reply
  124. Bradley

    Very interesting history of the creation of the quartz watch and how it works.

    Reply
  125. Baylor

    We watch you almost every week!

    Reply
  126. London

    The internet is such an amazing invention!!

    Reply
  127. Harper

    So cool!!
    I love learning about the internet.

    Reply
  128. Cayleigh

    The internet is really interesting to learn about. It is so cool that you made Universal Networking! Thank you for this wonderful episode!

    Reply
  129. Korin

    do you think society would be less or more developed without the internet?

    Reply
  130. Jacen

    I can’t belive that the guy that invented the first hydroden vehicle also invented the internet!

    Reply
  131. Hallie

    I love science live!

    Reply
  132. Jae

    loved the r-51 this episode

    Reply
  133. Fatimah

    Woah!! Thank you.

    Reply
  134. Ayden

    Amazing episode

    Reply
  135. Kaylee

    Great Science Live!

    Reply
  136. Jordan

    Very Cool!!

    Reply
  137. Journey

    With the 3D printed robot that works runs on air, what do you think the bigger picture of that project is? Also when do you believe they will make a faster and efficient 3D printer?

    Reply
  138. Anna

    The internet is so amazing!!!

    Reply
  139. Nicholas

    thankfully they didnt lose it

    Reply
  140. Andrew

    This is awesome

    Reply
  141. Case

    It was great learning about the early history of the internet

    Reply
  142. Aleksia

    It is so cool to see how inventions have ripple effects that are still impacting and changing our lives today. Thank you for being an inventioneer, Dr. Billings! Do you have of list of books you recommend for expanding your understanding of inventions that have lead to our modern world and why they worked so well?

    Reply
  143. Taylor

    I love it.

    Reply
  144. Cayden

    Cool episode love it

    Reply
  145. Allie

    awesome video!!

    Reply
  146. Wyatt

    Wow! amazing video, highlight of the week.

    Reply
  147. Payton

    So thankful for the internet!

    Reply
  148. Dacen

    R-51 is so funny! Loved this episode

    Reply
  149. Kinsley

    So fun! I love Science

    Reply
  150. Nayeli

    The elaboration was awesome, I love these science lives!

    Reply
  151. Presley

    computers are so smart now it’s crazy
    !

    Reply
  152. Landry

    wow!so cool!

    Reply
  153. Rylee

    Excited to learn something new!

    Reply
  154. Robert

    Its so fascinating how dependant everything is on the internet now-a-days!.

    Reply
  155. Olivia

    It’s amazing what even minimal exercise daily can do for the body. I like to think of the body similarly to a vehicle; if it sits for too long without being used and maintained, there will likely be problems when someone tries to use it again.

    Reply
  156. Adi

    that is so cool!

    Reply
  157. Jason

    Very interesting!

    Reply
  158. Kyle

    The number of patents you have is really impressive!

    Reply
  159. Emilee

    hi from Texas

    Reply
  160. Kylor

    Thanks Dr billings the 3d printed air robot in super duper cool.(I got to try this with my 3d printer).

    Reply
  161. Coulten

    cool from texas

    Reply
  162. Summer

    We wouldn’t be doing accelus without internet. That’s crazy. Can you make a video about underwater cameras and how they work?

    Reply
  163. David

    Love to.listen to Dr Bill Rogers he has lot of different episodes each week that are interesting

    Reply
  164. Lilyanna

    watches are so cool!

    Reply
  165. Nathan

    The robot was really cool. I’m so thankful that you made the data centers and all the cool stuff you’ve invented because without it there would be no Acellus or Science Live and that wouldn’t be cool. I love Science Live and Acellus.

    Reply
  166. Maverick

    I loved the pneumatic piston machine.

    Reply
  167. Bentley

    The internet is wild and big dreams can become real.

    Reply
  168. Roselynn

    Loved this one I like how they describe it but how did they realized that that’s how the internet will be now.

    Reply
  169. Bronny

    That robot’s pretty cool they just gotta figure it out how to control it.

    Reply
  170. Hunter

    I love Acellus, the internet is awesome.

    Reply
  171. Emma

    Dr. Billings that is very interesting!! The internet is such a wild interesting place!!

    Reply
  172. Anthony

    Thank you Roger Billings for the video. Amongst all the sacrifices you’ve made for the sake for our futures, I promise to give myself the best education I can get. Thank you, Roger Bilings.

    Reply
  173. Chayson

    Always love watching science live! The internet is so cool and it is crazy how it has changed so much over time!

    Reply
  174. Savannah

    Excited to learn something new!

    Reply
  175. Autumn

    Learning about the robot which runs on air was extremely interesting! Thank you Science Live!

    Reply

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