The Invention That Made the Internet Possible

In 1978, Dr. Roger Billings invented Universal Networking — the foundational technology behind how the modern internet shares information.

In this episode of ScienceLive, he tells the complete story for the first time, in his own words. It starts with a problem. J. Willard Marriott, founder of the Marriott Hotels empire, had 12 of IBM’s largest mainframe computers — the biggest the company made — and they still couldn’t keep up with reservation demand. IBM told him a 13th machine would crash the entire system. He needed a solution that didn’t exist yet. Dr. Billings invented one.

His concept was elegantly simple: instead of every computer trying to talk to every other computer simultaneously, create a dedicated “library” computer — what we now call a server — that any number of users could query independently. The result was a system that could scale to an unlimited number of users without overloading. He called it Universal Networking, patented it as U.S. Patent No. 4,714,989, and proved it worked by installing it at real businesses around the world using the Billings Microcomputer — one of the earliest personal computers ever built.

Today, every website, every app, and every internet transaction runs on this same client-server principle.

This is the story of one of the most important and least-known inventions of the 20th century — told by the man who invented it.

About DrB

Dr. Roger Billings is a visionary innovator whose work has touched the lives of millions of students and transformed the landscape of education. Widely known as “DrB” to the countless kids who benefit from his groundbreaking Acellus learning system, Dr. Billings has dedicated his life to advancing education through technology. As part of DrB’s lifelong commitment to supporting education, Science LIVE was launched as a way to “give back” by mentoring students in conjunction with the Roger Billings Scholarship Program.


Read more about DrB » 
About the Roger Billings Scholarship Program »

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4,046 Comments

  1. Abigail

    The interent is so cool!

    Reply
  2. Maximo

    this is so cool to learn thank you so much

    Reply
  3. Reanna

    I never know you could take chlorine out of water with hydrogen, that’s so cool!

    Reply
  4. Brooklyn

    It’s so cool to hear how it all started and here we are now!!!

    Reply
  5. Abygail

    We use the internet for everything

    Reply
  6. Scarlett

    I liked learning about people finding out how to 3D print robots with out having the robot using electronics by using air. That was cool and could be very useful in the future.

    Reply
  7. Lyla

    I can’t believe those people tried to steel your idea and you had to go to court!

    Reply
  8. Tristen

    I love how you guys show how the internet has evolved over time and grew thank you science lives!!

    Reply
  9. Penelope

    I love live science

    Reply
  10. Emerson

    That is so cool

    Reply
  11. Britt

    Wow that’s so cool

    Reply
  12. Nicolas

    Nice. My Dad knows John Marriott. Love the story

    Reply
  13. Anry

    What company did you sell the computer brand to? And does that company still exist?

    Reply
  14. Finn

    I want to be an inventorneer!

    Reply
  15. Don

    Wow Willard Marriott is so smart I didn’t even know that things like that existed

    Reply
  16. Jacob

    This science live was so fun! I learned a lot!

    Reply
  17. Hannah

    It’s so interesting how the internet works

    Reply
  18. Zoe

    Without internet I would never have known Acellus.

    Reply
  19. Caleb

    I wish there was more science live like everyday instead of every week.

    Reply
  20. Ainoah

    What shocked me the most was a 3D printed plastic moving by pressured air! It can’t do given orders as coded robots with electronic parts can, but they can probably be really useful in the future. Very impressive!

    Reply
  21. Violet

    That is absolutely fascinating about the quarts in the watches and the differences between the spring loaded ones

    Reply
  22. Phoebe

    im from Kentucky

    Reply
  23. Aidenf

    Air powered robot amazing!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! ¡!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! Side quest Find the imposter

    Reply
  24. Ava

    love this

    Reply
  25. Madison

    I never knew how the air robot worked until now.

    Reply
  26. Isabella

    I love the three d printed robot it’s a very intuitive idea. I wonder if we could take this to the next level in terms of technology and undersea exploration.

    Reply
  27. Isaac

    I find it interesting how the robot can adapt.

    Reply
  28. Cora

    I think printing the robot was cool how it just worked.

    Reply
  29. Journey

    Wow. so cool to learn how the internet was made.

    Reply
  30. Elizabeth

    this is amazing science live!

    Reply
  31. Ayame

    It is really cool that dr B helped make the internet. Did you dream it and then make it real?

    Reply
  32. Zane

    Another great video.

    Reply
  33. Sasillia

    Science live is always interesting.

    Reply
  34. Noah

    I’m so glad they started adding chapters.

    Reply
  35. Alec

    Dr.Billings is sco cool

    Reply
  36. Paisley

    where is live science live filmed? I would love to watch in person!

    Reply
  37. Paisley

    This is such a cool science live video.

    Reply
  38. Savannah

    We wouldn’t be here at the science live without the internet!

    Reply
  39. Addison

    Dr B is awesome with his videos.

    Reply
  40. Kaiden

    Fast speeding computers! Got to love internet

    Reply
  41. Israel

    The “Its on the fridge!” joke was super funny.

    Reply
  42. Beckham

    i liked the part about J Willard Marriott

    Reply
  43. Elli

    Technology really has come a long way. Thanks for another great episode!

    Reply
  44. Grace

    I can’t imagine life today without the Internet!

    Reply
  45. Kate

    I think changing the Wi-Fi password is so funny!

    Reply
  46. Xander

    I love this sooo much.

    Reply
  47. Tyler

    R51s Ice cream sounds amazing!

    Reply
  48. Kyle

    Dr. Billings is so smart!

    Reply
  49. Reagan

    Science lives make learning so much fun.

    Reply
  50. Aubergine

    I like how Dr. Billings pursued a simpler solution for Mr. Marriott, rather than a more complicated one.

    Reply
  51. Noah

    internet makes life much easier

    Reply
  52. Xavier

    thankful for this invention

    Reply
  53. Aslyn

    Another great science live!

    Reply
  54. Yusuf

    Wow I really liked learning how the internet was made imagine a world with no internet that would be weird, I love the way acellus teaches it makes me laugh and want to learn more at the same time

    Reply
  55. Josiah

    Thank you for. Offering this scholarship it really does teach me a lot

    Reply
  56. Bentley

    computers are so cool now!

    Reply
  57. Maximus

    Science is so cool

    Reply
  58. Giavanni

    Acellus makes learning much easier!

    Reply
  59. Evan

    Internet is an amazing thing!!!

    Reply
  60. Eli

    This is my favorite episode

    Reply
  61. Khloe

    Computers are so cool

    Reply
  62. Caleb

    I promise I will study more Mr. Billings
    PS I’m a A-B student

    Reply
  63. Paetyn

    This was a really good science live!

    Reply
  64. Taylor

    We love the world wide internet

    Reply
  65. Ava

    Loved this!! It was very captivating!!

    Reply
  66. Brodey

    I learned that the internet is older than my mom.

    Reply
  67. Abagail

    I had no idea that the ethernet cable used to be made of a coaxial cable!

    Reply
  68. Katie

    This made me think back to Young Sheldon episodes when he was wanting a computer and they were just coming out

    Reply
  69. Amelia

    This is so cool!

    Reply
  70. Mason

    i love the internet and now i know they made it

    Reply
  71. Krispen

    thanks for making science live

    Reply
  72. Titus

    That little robot is so cool

    Reply
  73. Jesius

    Dr. Billings I appreciate you so much! The scholarship really helps my mom.

    Reply
  74. David

    Love science live.

    Reply
  75. Adele

    You have a lot of patents!

    Reply
  76. Benji.

    Catching up on the episodes and this was a great one!
    Especially at the start with the 3D printed invention and that it can go underwater despite being run on air! All in all very cool episode

    Reply
  77. Colie

    I love these videos

    Reply
  78. Isra

    Excellent video

    Reply
  79. Lijah

    This is so fun

    Reply
  80. Carlin

    I LOVE SCIENCE!!!

    Reply
  81. Malachi

    This was a awesome video!!

    Reply
  82. Leila

    its crazy how we still use this so much.

    Reply
  83. Logan

    Dr.billings is so awesome!

    Reply
  84. Ashley

    ….A robot that runs on AIR!?

    Reply
  85. Kamden

    Loved learning about the internet since most of us use it everyday.

    Reply
  86. Matthew

    Enjoyed learning the history of how it began

    Reply
  87. Hailee

    My favorite ice cream is cookie dough! By the way my favorite invention was the spin-her.

    Reply
  88. Emily

    the internet is aswesome

    Reply
  89. Lijah

    R51 is awesome

    Reply
  90. Miyari

    Great lessons, thank you!!

    Reply
  91. Miyari

    I love science live, these lessons are great.

    Reply
  92. Wolf

    My older brother watched r-51 with me this week and he thought it was great! he was laughing the whole time!

    Reply
  93. Kohlten

    Bravo Dr. Billings! You rock!

    Reply
  94. Liam

    loved this weeks science live!

    Reply
  95. Kohlten

    A robot that runs on air! That is amazing. Technologically, we really can do anything.

    Reply
  96. Callen

    This is interesting

    Reply
  97. Lijah

    I love r 51

    Reply
  98. Elliot

    The robot was sooo cool

    Reply
  99. Aurelia

    What an invention.

    Reply
  100. Arianna

    Way to go, great content.

    Reply
  101. Chanlee

    Dr. Billings is the COOLEST of all the cool

    Reply
  102. Rebecca

    I really enjoyed watching this!!

    Reply
  103. Taegan

    I love science live

    Reply
  104. Madison

    it was so interesting that they put a tuning fork in a watch

    Reply
  105. Shawndra

    i love science live ~!

    Reply
  106. Zoey

    So cool! thanks Dr. B!

    Reply
  107. Lily

    The internet is cool

    Reply
  108. Kaylee

    this science live was the greatest of all an acellus has helped me so much thank you

    Reply
  109. Frances

    It’s amazing how much science and research went into the internet

    Reply
  110. Katelyn

    I can’t live without the internet! Lol

    Reply
  111. Carsen

    Crazy how fast the computer/Internet evolved! I find Science live super interesting – thank you for the scholarship

    Reply
  112. Ember

    Thank you for offering the scholarship!

    Reply
  113. Caden

    This was a fascinating video.

    Reply
  114. Hudson

    I LOVE SCIENCE LIVEEEEEE. PS THAT ONTHEFRIDGE WIFI THING WAS PRETTY FUNNY

    Reply
  115. Noah

    I love your jet!

    Reply
  116. Hadassah

    I love learning

    Reply
  117. Lorelei

    See you next Wednesday

    Reply
  118. Davin

    the internet evolved so quick!

    Reply
  119. James

    I also use Ethernet for my gaming computer.

    Reply
  120. Maycee

    I would like to know more about Garlic super food.

    Reply
  121. Grace

    The internet has come a long way!

    Reply
  122. Oona

    So air can be used as electricity too???

    Reply
  123. Caideyn

    Such a good episode! It’s was so cool to learn that Dr. Roger Billings invented Universal Networking!

    Reply
  124. Wyatt

    its amazing what we have in todays world

    Reply
  125. Rayleigh

    What a great science live thank you!!

    Reply
  126. Kaidun

    I love watching science live

    Reply
  127. Hensley

    Dr Billings your amazing. I loved learning about how the internet became possible

    Reply
  128. Rowan

    This was amazing.cant wait for next week!

    Reply
  129. Taylee

    Hi from HollyPond Alabama. Dr Billings is role model.Thank you for sharing all your cool inventions.You make learning interesting and fun. I can’t wait to watch the next science live

    Reply
  130. Tyla

    Every invention has trial and error you have to fine tune things until it becomes perfect.Learning about servers is pretty neat.

    Reply
  131. Noah

    I think it is interesting how the first watch used a tuning fork inside.

    Reply
  132. Reyna

    This episode was one of my favorites ever, getting the story from Dr. Billing was really great. I loved it.

    Reply
  133. Dylan

    Science live is so much fun

    Reply
  134. Lily

    It was interesting learning about the internet.

    Reply
  135. Keaton

    It was cool to learn about how the watch was made and how it works.

    Reply
  136. Barrett

    hi from mississippi

    Reply
  137. Selma

    I never competed in a science fair, but I might this year!!!!!

    Reply
  138. Mia

    Thanks Mr.Billings for all your support and wisdom. You are a great person. Internet one of the best inventions. R51 great.

    Reply
  139. Michael

    Really love watching!!

    Reply
  140. Kaleigh

    This is so amazing.

    Reply
  141. Matthew

    Thanks Mr. Billing for all your help and support, you are an inspiration for us. Internet a great invention. R51 so great.

    Reply
  142. Pham

    wow this one is amazing!

    Reply
  143. Mila

    one of the best lives i’ve seen!

    Reply
  144. Lillian

    The internet is like the biggest invention ever everybody uses the internet. For example, gps is a big thing to get you to the right destination that you want so internet is very important for modern day living.

    Reply
  145. Kadence

    It’s so crazy to see how much computers have changed!

    Reply
  146. Emma

    Acellus is the best online program for me!

    Reply
  147. James

    I would love to invent something but I don’t know where to start. I can’t figure out a problem to solve that is actually of value.

    Reply
  148. Jayden

    I love learning about the early beginnings of the Internet.

    Reply
  149. Noemi

    Good science live this week

    Reply
  150. Giselle

    I loved how Roger Billings explained his invention!!!

    Reply
  151. Zoe

    I love the internet, so happy this was invented

    Reply
  152. Mason

    Science is so cool

    Reply
  153. Daniel

    wow thats really cool

    Reply
  154. Annabelle

    this makes things for me easier since im a visual learner

    Reply
  155. Kai

    That is wild the robot is walking with just air!

    Reply
  156. Lucy

    Love this. So cool.

    Reply
  157. Brayden

    This is so cool how this works

    Reply
  158. Quinn

    The internet is such a big thing now and it is so cool to learn about it!

    Reply
  159. Gabriel

    The internet is fasinating to learn about.

    Reply
  160. Kagen-ann

    So cool how far computers have come.

    Reply
  161. Lucas

    How did they get the idea for the air powered robot.

    Reply
  162. Shyann

    how did they make the robot that is powered by air.

    Reply
  163. Kynli

    We rely so much on the internet now! Another amazing science live!

    Reply
  164. Brooklynn

    these episodes are so fun to watch thanks Acellus!

    Reply
  165. Lizeneri

    Imagine how the world would be if we didn’t have internet.

    Reply
  166. Anthony

    I love Science Live. I do not always watch it right away but I always watch it. Thank you for all the information you share here. R51 my favorite ice cream is vanilla. I loved learning about watches and the important computer discoveries brought about the internet.

    Reply
  167. Izzy

    yet another great science live. loved it!

    Reply
  168. Lynnox

    Thanks for another great video this week!

    Reply
  169. Kayleigh

    Its so cool seeing how fast the internet is now.

    Reply
  170. Kayleigh

    Its so cool seeing a little robot working with air and moved by itself with the wires still connected

    Reply
  171. Kylie

    It’s hard to think that something I use in my everyday day life used to be just an idea.

    Reply
  172. Nayomie

    I love science live

    Reply
  173. Mika

    The way the Internet made life so much easier amazes me! Dr. Billings, I’m sorry you might have to give up your Rolls Royce. 🥺 But we’ll make it worthwhile! Especially me! 😊 Also, R51, my favorite flavor of ice cream is chocolate. Your ice cream truck is impressive.

    Reply
  174. Harlyne

    Dear Students of Acellus,

    As you continue your studies and engage with Live sessions, I want to remind you of a simple but powerful truth: your effort today shapes your tomorrow. Here are a few thoughts to keep you motivated:

    Stay curious: Approach each lesson as a chance to discover something new about the world and about yourself.
    Set small goals: Break your study time into manageable steps and celebrate the progress you make, even on busy days.
    Engage actively: Take notes, ask questions, and participate in Live sessions — your active participation makes learning stick.
    Maintain balance: Pair focused study with rest, physical activity, and time with loved ones to keep your energy high.
    Keep perspective: While conversations about wealth and luxury can sometimes surface, your true value comes from the knowledge you gain and the character you build.
    If you ever feel discouraged, remember why you started and reach out to teachers or peers for support. You have the tools to succeed, and your dedication will pay off.

    A gentle note on current headlines: there have been discussions in some circles about high-end possessions (for example, a luxury car valued at several million dollars). Such conversations can be intriguing, but they don’t define your worth or your future. Your commitment to learning is what will truly drive your success.

    Wishing you perseverance and success in every lesson study hard

    Sincerely,
    [harlyne]

    Reply
  175. Reese

    I love learning about Dr. Billings inventions. He has achieved so much. You can tell how much education and the acellus students mean to him. Thank you Dr. Billings !!

    Reply

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